A dictionary of Greek and Roman . s incerta, the condemnatio mustbe incerta. If the intentio was certa, the con-demnatio might be either certa or incerta (Gaius,iv. 50, 51). In the compilations of Justinian,where the expressions incerti actio, incerta actio,incertum judicium occur, they specially apply tothe actio praescriptis verbis, which contained anincerta intentio and condemnatio. (Actio ; Sa-vigny, System, &c. vol. v. p. 74.) [G. L.] CERUCHI. [Navis.]KERUX (K7jpu|). [Caduceus ; Fetialis.]CESSIO BONORUM. [Bonorum Cessio.]CESSIO IN JURE. [In Jure Cessio.]CESTRUM. [Pictura, No
A dictionary of Greek and Roman . s incerta, the condemnatio mustbe incerta. If the intentio was certa, the con-demnatio might be either certa or incerta (Gaius,iv. 50, 51). In the compilations of Justinian,where the expressions incerti actio, incerta actio,incertum judicium occur, they specially apply tothe actio praescriptis verbis, which contained anincerta intentio and condemnatio. (Actio ; Sa-vigny, System, &c. vol. v. p. 74.) [G. L.] CERUCHI. [Navis.]KERUX (K7jpu|). [Caduceus ; Fetialis.]CESSIO BONORUM. [Bonorum Cessio.]CESSIO IN JURE. [In Jure Cessio.]CESTRUM. [Pictura, No. 6.]CESTUS. 1. The thongs or bands of leather,which were tied round the hands of boxers, inorder to render their blows more powerful. Thesebands of leather, which were called t/xavTes, orifxaures irvKTiKol, in Greek, were also frequentlytied round the arm as high as the elbow, as isshown in the following statue of a boxer, theoriginal of which is in the Louvre at Paris. (SeeClarac, Musee d. Sculpt. Ant. et Mod. vol. iii. n. 2042.). The cestus was used by boxers from the earliesttimes. When Epeius and Euryalus, in the Iliad(xxiii. 684), prepare themselves for boxing, theyput on their hands thongs made of ox-hide ( €VTfxr)Tovs fiobs a-ypavKoio) ; but it should berecollected, that the cestus in heroic times appearsto have consisted merely of thongs of leather, anddiffered materially from the frightful weapons,loaded with lead and iron, which were used inlater times. The different kinds of cestus werecalled by the Greeks in later times /leiXlxai,<rire?pai jSoeicu, <r<pa?pcu, and ]K€S: of whichthe fxeiXixai gave the softest blows, and the/xvpfjL7)Kes the most severe. The fxeikixai, whichwere the most ancient, are described by Pausanias(viii. 40. § 3) as made of raw ox-hide cut into thin pieces, and joined in an ancient manner ; theywere tied under the hollow or palm of the hand,leaving the fingers uncovered. The athletae inthe palaestrae at
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Keywords: ., bookauthorsmithwilliam18131893, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1840
