The laws and mechanics of circulation, with the principle involved in animal movement . s. 69, 70);with these exceptions, however, that upon the external surfacescattering longitudinal fibres extend along the sides, andgreater and lesser curvatures (thicker in these two localities),with a thick fan-shaped layer spread out over the upperportions of the great cul de sac formed by the longitu-dinal muscles in the oesophagus (Fig. 69); while upon the MUSCULAR FOKCE IN DIGESTION. 207 internal surface we have a wide, thin layer of longitudinalmuscles, embracing the great cul de sac and extending som
The laws and mechanics of circulation, with the principle involved in animal movement . s. 69, 70);with these exceptions, however, that upon the external surfacescattering longitudinal fibres extend along the sides, andgreater and lesser curvatures (thicker in these two localities),with a thick fan-shaped layer spread out over the upperportions of the great cul de sac formed by the longitu-dinal muscles in the oesophagus (Fig. 69); while upon the MUSCULAR FOKCE IN DIGESTION. 207 internal surface we have a wide, thin layer of longitudinalmuscles, embracing the great cul de sac and extending somedistance toward the pyloric end, but fading out. however, anddisappearing upon the sides of the organ (Fig. 70). The firmconstriction near the pyloric end is, of course, produced bythe contraction of a band of circular muscles, as are also therhythmical contractions and expansions in the two ends, whilei he longitudinal fibres in the great cul de sac should greatlyexpedite the pumping action by compelling the contentstoward the pyloric end during their contraction, since it must !l. Pig. 70.—Fibres seen with the Stomach hvcr^M.—oappey. 1, LKsophagus ; 2, circularfibres at the oesophageal opening : 3, 3. circular fibres at the lesser curvature : 4, 4,circular fibres at the pylorus ; 5, 5, 6, 7. 8. oblique fibres : 9, 10, fibres of this layercovering the greater pouch ; 11, portion of the stomach from which these fibres havebeen removed to show the subjacent circular fibres. inevitably effect a corresponding shortening in the longi-tudinal axis of the organ. One result of the circular con-striction would be to shorten the longitudinal fibres embracingthe cul de sac (Pig. ?>, 5, 6, 7, h); at the same time, by givingthem a firm point to contract upon, would make their actionupon the cul de sac still more effective for compelling thecontents toward the pyloric end, while the greater number ofthe circular muscles in this end, together with the diminishedarea, should increase
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