. Electric railway journal . enerators driven by wateror steam turbines. These machines would be oper-ated without governors and with a minimum of auxili-ary apparatus. The governing would be done from cen-tral synchronous plants. Automatic control could beused in order to insure perfect functioning of the smallplants with the general system. The induction generator, which is simply the induc-tion motor driven above synchronous speed, is well suit-ed to the above purpose in that its exciting current isdrawn from the synchronous plant and its control isextremely simple. Applying Theory and Prac
. Electric railway journal . enerators driven by wateror steam turbines. These machines would be oper-ated without governors and with a minimum of auxili-ary apparatus. The governing would be done from cen-tral synchronous plants. Automatic control could beused in order to insure perfect functioning of the smallplants with the general system. The induction generator, which is simply the induc-tion motor driven above synchronous speed, is well suit-ed to the above purpose in that its exciting current isdrawn from the synchronous plant and its control isextremely simple. Applying Theory and Practice to the Designof Transmission Line Insulators A New Design is Proposed Which, in the Opinion of , Eliminates Some of the Faults ofEarlier Designs IN A rather elaborate paper on the subject of lineinsulators, G. I. Gilchrest, Westinghouse Electric &Manufacturing Company, listed some of the defects ofexisting insulators and proposed a new type as depictedin the drawings below. His paper contained results of. THREE-PIECE AND TWO-PIECE PIN-TYPE INSULATORS OPTHE DESIGN PROPOSED BY MR. GILCHREST numerous tests set forth in tabular and graphical form,and his main line of thought was as follows: Owing to the rapid progress of transmission engineer-ing the older designs of insulators are not altogether sat-isfactory. Some of the main causes of pin-type insulatorfailures have been: Improper distribution of dielectricfield; improper distribution of surface leakage; porosity;mechanical breakage (from handling, mischievous shoot-ing and stone throwing; insufficient strength of the sup-ports, and brittle material) ; lightning; birds and ani-mals short-circuiting lines; unequal expansion of metal,cement and porcelain; internal stresses in material, anddefective batches. The proposed designs embody these features (seefigures) : Surfaces a conform to the flow lines of theelectrostatic field; surfaces b of the rain sheds conformto the equipotential surfaces; lines of mechanical s
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