. Europe and other continents . h, who, comingfrom the diked lands of Holland, imitated the conditions oftheir mother country by building dikes to shut out the seafrom an extensive mangrove swamp, which they transformedto tillable land. Even the capital, Georgetown, is below thehigh-water mark. It is protected from the sea by a stone wall,and drained by means of steam pumps and by canals whichopen at low tide. Dutch Guiana, once called Surinam, was originally settled bythe British; but after the war with Holland, in 1667, it was VENEZUELA 127 turned over to the Dutch in exchange for New York.
. Europe and other continents . h, who, comingfrom the diked lands of Holland, imitated the conditions oftheir mother country by building dikes to shut out the seafrom an extensive mangrove swamp, which they transformedto tillable land. Even the capital, Georgetown, is below thehigh-water mark. It is protected from the sea by a stone wall,and drained by means of steam pumps and by canals whichopen at low tide. Dutch Guiana, once called Surinam, was originally settled bythe British; but after the war with Holland, in 1667, it was VENEZUELA 127 turned over to the Dutch in exchange for New York. It iseasy to see that the Dutch did not get the better of the is the capital of this colony ? French Guiana is even less developed than the other fact that it has been used as a penal colony for Frenchconvicts has given it a bad reputation and aided in preventing itssettlement. Name its capital. — This country includes one of the spursof the Andes and also a portion of the Guiana Fig. 91. The lower Orinoco. Notice how broad it is and how deep it must be to floatthe large United States cruiser. Yet this picture is taken at CiudadBolivar, far up the river. Find it on the map, Fig. 75. But a large part of Venezuela is occupied by the broadplains of the Orinoco valley. Some of these plains, thetreeless llanos (p. 55), are the seat of extensive cattleraising, as in the case of the pampas of Argentina. Inparts of Venezuela, for example upon the mountain slopes,are vast forests which produce valuable dyewoods and 1 This name, which means little Venice, was applied to the countrybecause, when first visited in 1199, white men found an Indian villagebuilt on piles or posts in the water along the shores of Lake Maracaibo. 128 SOUTH AMERICA rubber. Among the mountains also are found valuablemineral deposits, especially gold. There is some agriculture. Hardy crops, like po-tatoes, beans, and barley, are raised even at altitudes ofeight thous
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