. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria. Fungi -- Morphology; Bacteria -- Morphology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—DOUBTFUL ASCOMFCETES. 27 L opinion. They have shown that the earlier observers obtained uncertain results from having different and imperfectly distinguished forms mixed up together in their impure cultures, and have revealed another source of obscurity in their belief that every form of sprouting Fungus must be regarded as an inciter of fermentation or 'Yeast-fungus,' and conversely that all alcoholic fermentation was caused by the vegetation o
. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria. Fungi -- Morphology; Bacteria -- Morphology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—DOUBTFUL ASCOMFCETES. 27 L opinion. They have shown that the earlier observers obtained uncertain results from having different and imperfectly distinguished forms mixed up together in their impure cultures, and have revealed another source of obscurity in their belief that every form of sprouting Fungus must be regarded as an inciter of fermentation or 'Yeast-fungus,' and conversely that all alcoholic fermentation was caused by the vegetation of a sprouting Fungus resembling Saccharomyces. We know now that this is not so. But there are first of all many species of Fungi in which the only mode of vegetation is by sprouting or which vegetate in this way under certain circumstances or in certain stages of their development. Foremost among these are the ascogenous species of Saccharomyces. Connected with the latter are the forms which resemble them exactly in their vegetative construction, but in which asci and distinct spores are not known, or it should be said perhaps are not yet known. These are usually, and for the present rightly placed in the genus Saccharomyces ; whether they really belong to it has yet to be ascertained; among them are S. apiculatus which has been so thoroughly examined by E. Hansen, and ' Pasteur's Torulae' recently investi- gated by the same observer. To these must be added Exoascus, also the plants mentioned above on page 114 as examples of germination by sprouting, and certain Mucorini (see page 155) with further in- stances in the Ustilagineae (see page 179), Tremellineae, and Exobasidium recently supplied by Brefeld (see section XCII). Lastly, we must mention Fumago (see page 249) on Zopf's authority, and a form most probably nearly related to Fumago or Pleospora and at present imperfectly known, which I formerly described as Dematium pullulans. It is very com- mon on the surface of pla
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