. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. PANESAR. EVOLUTION IN WATER MITES 4 = Mouth opening surrounded by a large circular membranous fringe (adults) [0 = absent; 1 = present] 5 = Soft bodied, but eyes incorporated into a me- dian anterior sclerite (adults) [0 = absent; 1 = present] 6 = Larva locates prospective hosts as prepupa or pupa underwater [0 = no; 1 = yes] 7 = Body soft and elongated, worm-like (adults) [0 = no; 1 = yes] 8 = Presence of setal pairs on segment V in larv^a [0 = both pairs present; 1 = one pair reduced] 9 = Presence of setal pairs on segment O in larva [0 = both pair
. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. PANESAR. EVOLUTION IN WATER MITES 4 = Mouth opening surrounded by a large circular membranous fringe (adults) [0 = absent; 1 = present] 5 = Soft bodied, but eyes incorporated into a me- dian anterior sclerite (adults) [0 = absent; 1 = present] 6 = Larva locates prospective hosts as prepupa or pupa underwater [0 = no; 1 = yes] 7 = Body soft and elongated, worm-like (adults) [0 = no; 1 = yes] 8 = Presence of setal pairs on segment V in larv^a [0 = both pairs present; 1 = one pair reduced] 9 = Presence of setal pairs on segment O in larva [0 = both pairs present; 1 = one pair reduced] 10 = Presence of setal pair "Se" in nymphs and adults [0 = present; 1 = reduced] 11= Presence of setal pair "Ce" in nymphs and adults [0 = present; 1 = reduced] The distribution of the above character states among the superfamilies is shown in the following table. TABLE 10. Character set used in the phylogenetic analysis for superfamilies of the Hydrachnellae. Dis- cussion of the characters in the text. Characters 123456789 10 11 Hydryphantoidea* 0000000100 1 Hygrobatoidea Wandesioidea Hydrachnoidea Hydrovolzioidea Piersigioidea Eylaioidea Limnocharoidea 0000010100 1 1000001000 1 1200000100 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 111110 0 10 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 superfamily Hydrv^phantoidea is selected as outgroup. Apart from the results concerning the segmental remnants only a few well known morphological and behavioral features of the superfamilies have been included in the data set. Out of the 11 characters used for the phylogenetic analysis, 4 refer to reductions of setal pairs in the larval stage, 4 refer to the reduction of setal pairs in nymphs and adults, 3 refer to mor- phological characters of the adults, and one refers to behavior of the larva. The predominantly marine Pon-. / = apomorph character sympiesiomorph character (8, 11) reversing cha- racter state (3) FIG. 22. Cladogram for the superfamilies of
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