. Electric railway journal . his type permits an ideal arrange-ment of suspensions by the attachment of plates thatrun longitudinally from end to end on each side of thecase, secured by a special method of spot welding. Nota single seam or rivet is used throughout on this typewhich is, on this account, unique in gear case construc-tion. The weight of this case is 100 lb. TORQUE COMPENSATORS The Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Com-pany has introduced a device known as a torquecompensator, intended primarily for modifying the timeelement characteristics of an overload relay. It re-duc
. Electric railway journal . his type permits an ideal arrange-ment of suspensions by the attachment of plates thatrun longitudinally from end to end on each side of thecase, secured by a special method of spot welding. Nota single seam or rivet is used throughout on this typewhich is, on this account, unique in gear case construc-tion. The weight of this case is 100 lb. TORQUE COMPENSATORS The Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Com-pany has introduced a device known as a torquecompensator, intended primarily for modifying the timeelement characteristics of an overload relay. It re-duces the torque of the relay at heavy overloads with-out reducing the torque at light loads. The compen-sator thus increases the time element of the relay atoverloads, its effect being in proportion to the example of the effect of the torque compensator onthe time element characteristic of a relay is shown inthe accompanying curves. Curve A shows the naturalcharacteristic of the type C relay. When used with the. Torque Compensator torque compensator, a definite minimum time elementat heavy loads is obtained, as shown in curve B. The overload relay with definite minimum time ele-ment obtained by a torque compensator provides selec-tive action of circuit-breakers where feeders are placedin series. The relays which control the breakers near-est the source of power can be set for a slightly greatertime element than those further along. The differencein time is retained at all overloads with sufficientaccuracy to cause the breakers nearest the trouble to June 27, 1914.] ELECTRIC RAILWAY JOURNAL 1469 •open, thus confining the inoperative section to thesmallest area, without interruption of service on thepart of the system between the trouble section and thesource of power. Another use of the relay with definite minimum timeelement is in relieving circuit-breakers. It is wellknown that the ultimate breaking capacity of a circuit-breaker depends on the time of breaking. If
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