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. Biological stains, a handbook on the nature and uses of the dyes employed in the biological laboratory. Stains and staining (Microscopy). zene ring is attached to it. This pentavalent nitrogen allows the compounds to behave like ammonium bases; so with the amino groups which are always present, the basic properties of these dyes are very strong. The theoretical base of the simplest safranin would have the formula: N=/\. / \ NH, OH This form of ammonium base does not actually exist, as the safranin bases really occur in the form of anhydrides; but salts of these ammonium bases are the com
. Biological stains, a handbook on the nature and uses of the dyes employed in the biological laboratory. Stains and staining (Microscopy). zene ring is attached to it. This pentavalent nitrogen allows the compounds to behave like ammonium bases; so with the amino groups which are always present, the basic properties of these dyes are very strong. The theoretical base of the simplest safranin would have the formula: N=/\. / \ NH, OH This form of ammonium base does not actually exist, as the safranin bases really occur in the form of anhydrides; but salts of these ammonium bases are the commonly known dyes. The commercial dyes are ordinarily chlorides. There are two groups of safranins: the benzo-safranins in which the azin group unites two benzene rings; and the naphtho-safranins in which it unites two naphthalene groups. The simplest safranin is pheno-safranin, which is the chloride of the theoretical base just given, namely: N_ H,N / \ NH. The commercial safranins are ordinarily methyl or ethyl substitu- tion products of this; or occasionally phenyl substitution products. The one of greatest value to the biologist is generally called Safra- nin O. SAFRANIN O C. I. NO. 841 Slightly different shades: Safranin AG, T, MP, Y, and G. (Altho all included in C. I. No. 841 they are different from the grade here described.) (A basic dye; absorption maximum about 515.) The common safranins of commerce, under various shade designations, are mixtures of di-methyl and tri-methyl pheno- safranin : CH3. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Conn, H. J. (Harold Joel), 1886-1975; Ambler, Joseph Alfred, 1889-; Kornhauser, S. I. (Sidney Isaac), 1887-1959; Mallory, Frank Burr, 1862-1941; Sharp, Lester W. (Lester Whyland), b. 1887. Geneva, N. Y. , The Commission
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