. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology. MONGOLIAN FISHES 175. ,nterna| B*e ' °asm Fig. 2 Map of the Mongolian People's Republic to show major mountain ranges (A), rivers (=Gol) and lakes (=Nuur). The three main drainage basins are outlined and the principal collecting localities are numbered: 1. Tuul Gol; 2. Ugiy Nuur; 3. Orkhon Gol; 4. Hogshin Orkhon Gol; 5. Boon Tsagaan Nuur; 6. Tsagaan Gol; 7. Biger Nuur; 8. Tamir Gol; 9. Terilg Gol; 10. Herelen Gol. HYDROBIOLOGY OF MONGOLIA Past conditions Mongolia lies in the mountainous central Asian plateau that is a geographical tra
. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology. MONGOLIAN FISHES 175. ,nterna| B*e ' °asm Fig. 2 Map of the Mongolian People's Republic to show major mountain ranges (A), rivers (=Gol) and lakes (=Nuur). The three main drainage basins are outlined and the principal collecting localities are numbered: 1. Tuul Gol; 2. Ugiy Nuur; 3. Orkhon Gol; 4. Hogshin Orkhon Gol; 5. Boon Tsagaan Nuur; 6. Tsagaan Gol; 7. Biger Nuur; 8. Tamir Gol; 9. Terilg Gol; 10. Herelen Gol. HYDROBIOLOGY OF MONGOLIA Past conditions Mongolia lies in the mountainous central Asian plateau that is a geographical transition zone between the Siberian taiga and dry steppe and desert of central Asian Gobi (Mitcheli, 1967; Petrov, 1970; Jagchid & Hyer, 1979; Saunders, 1987). The origin of Mongolia's present-day hydrobiology can be traced back to the Cretaceous (Berkey & Morris, 1927; Martinson, 1955). In the lower Cretaceous, an enormous inland lake had widened to the north as a continuous system connecting what are now the disparate Altai and Hangyin basins, and formed inner basins of the type found in Recent times around the Aral and Caspian seas (Dulma, 1979). This continuous lake system is thought to have extended by the middle Cretaceous from what is now the Pacific eastern seaboard across Manchuria and Central Asia into the western Gobi basin of Mongolia (Fig. 2). Geological studies ( Maleyev, 1955 and Martinson, 1968) reveal that a large central Asian freshwater system existed in the upper Cretaceous. This was responsible for sedimentary deposits rich in palaeonto- logical remains. Grabau (1931), Andrews (1932), Kielan- Jaworowska & Dorchin (1968) and Kielan-Jaworowska & Barsbold (1972) described primitive mammals, dinosaurs and other reptiles from the shores of this system; for recent reviews of Mongolian Paleogene deposits see Russell & Zhai (1987) for mammals and Sytchevskaya (1986) for fishes. This great central Asian basin is thought to have broken-up by th
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