Peasant life in the Holy Land . tof many others. Goats and sheep, flocks and herds, have ever con-stituted one of the principal sources of wealth inthe East, and have been always one of the chiefobjects of the raids of the Bedouin and othermarauders. This latter is well shown by the factthat the ordinary word in Arabic for spoil, or bootytaken in war, is Ghandmeh, from Ghanani (sheep).To-day both goats and sheep are of the utmostvalue to the Fellahin. The milk drunk in thecountry is almost exclusively that of goats andewes (cows are scarcely ever milked, except in thetowns), and it is from thi
Peasant life in the Holy Land . tof many others. Goats and sheep, flocks and herds, have ever con-stituted one of the principal sources of wealth inthe East, and have been always one of the chiefobjects of the raids of the Bedouin and othermarauders. This latter is well shown by the factthat the ordinary word in Arabic for spoil, or bootytaken in war, is Ghandmeh, from Ghanani (sheep).To-day both goats and sheep are of the utmostvalue to the Fellahin. The milk drunk in thecountry is almost exclusively that of goats andewes (cows are scarcely ever milked, except in thetowns), and it is from this that the butter, cheese,and Leben are made. Their wool and hair are spuninto coarse thread ; of the former, strong rouglicloth for garments, carpets, and bags, is woven, andof the latter is manufactured twine and rope ofvarious thicknesses, a stout material for saddle-bags,nosebags for horses and mules, corn-sacks, and theblack haircloth for the shepherds tents. Their flesliis eaten, the horns are made into knife-handles, the. c5 o S5 CO l^HI*^^ t > H^i I Vwl^^ 1 w^_^^^^ 1 vl^^^^^l^^ i ^8 1 P4 Is! I FIELDS 163 skins are tanned, while the hides of the larger goatsare stripped off entire, and when dressed becomethe water-skins so familiar to all dwellers in thetowns and cities of the Orient. The life of the shepherd in the East is a muchmore arduous one than that of their Englishbrethren, AVith the exception of the vineyardsand little plots of garden groimd wliere cucumbers,melons, tomatoes, etc., are grown, the country isunenclosed, and therefore the shepherd cannot leavehis flock in a field * during the day, and return atnight knowing that he will find his sheep there; hemust accompany them throughout the day in alltheir wanderings over the plains or along themountain-side, and never lose sight of them fora moment. IMorning by morning he takes themout, stays witli them all day long, and at evening * The Hebrew term for field, in by far the greaternumber of passages where t
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