Black and white Oil Pumps working in sunny California desert. These jacks can extract 5 to 40 litres of crude oil and water emulsion at each stroke.
A pumpjack is the overground drive for a reciprocating piston pump in an oil well.[1] It is used to mechanically lift liquid out of the well if not enough bottom hole pressure exists for the liquid to flow all the way to the surface. The arrangement is commonly used for onshore wells producing little oil. Pumpjacks are common in oil-rich areas. Depending on the size of the pump, it generally produces 5 to 40 litres (1 to 9 imp gal; to US gal) of liquid at each stroke. Often this is an emulsion of crude oil and water. Pump size is also determined by the depth and weight of the oil to remove, with deeper extraction requiring more power to move the increased weight of the discharge column (discharge head). A beam-type pumpjack converts the rotary motion of the motor to the vertical reciprocating motion necessary to drive the polished-rod and accompanying sucker rod and column (fluid) load. The engineering term for this type of mechanism is a walking beam. It was often employed in stationary and marine steam engine designs in the 18th and 19th centuries. The most basic type of derrick is controlled by three or four lines connected to the top of the mast, which allow it both to move laterally and cant up and down. To lift a load, a separate line runs up and over the mast with a hook on its free end, as with a crane.[1][2] Forms of derricks are commonly found aboard ships and at docking facilities. Some large derricks are mounted on dedicated vessels, and known as floating derricks[3] and sheerlegs. The term derrick is also applied to the framework supporting a drilling apparatus in an oil rig.[4] The derrick derives its name from a type of gallows named after Thomas Derrick, an Elizabethan era English executioner.[5]
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