. Life and public services of Hon. Wm. E. Gladstone . ybrought against him, however, to recover heavy penalties for havingsat and voted without having previously taken the oath. As thepenalty for each vote so cast was £500, the sum claimed rapidlygrew to tremendous proportions. The Bradlaugh episode was a windfall to the Conservatives, dis-heartened as they had been by the severe losses in the late saw that the immense Liberal majority was not a sure supportof the Government; that the party was not really as united as theleader would have had it. It was an unexpected source of st
. Life and public services of Hon. Wm. E. Gladstone . ybrought against him, however, to recover heavy penalties for havingsat and voted without having previously taken the oath. As thepenalty for each vote so cast was £500, the sum claimed rapidlygrew to tremendous proportions. The Bradlaugh episode was a windfall to the Conservatives, dis-heartened as they had been by the severe losses in the late saw that the immense Liberal majority was not a sure supportof the Government; that the party was not really as united as theleader would have had it. It was an unexpected source of strength;if not of absolute power in debate, it was yet a powerful weaponwith which to annoy the Ministry. The Second Gladstone Ministry. Mi There was yet another effect of the Bradlangh controversy. Outof it arose the Fourth Party, as it was called, derisively at the House of Commons there was the son of a great Tory duke,to whom nobody had ever paid much attention. He had beenlistened to, of couise, but simply because he was the son of the. Lord Randolph Churchill. Duke of Marlborough ; not for any interest which he had beenable to excite by his speeches. This was a golden opportrnity,and he seized upon it. He was the bitter opponent of the atheisticclaimant of a seat, and of the Government which supported thatclaim. All the members laughed at the young Lord Randolph Churchill,as they have laughed in other days at many who became famous inspite of the laughter; remembering Burke and Disraeli, Lord 368 The Second Gladstone Ministry. Randolph paid no attention to the ridicule, and spoke when hepleased ; he also said what he pleased, regardless of the Conserva-tive traditions which were constantly being thrown at his soon found adherents. In the days of the Adullamites, had quoted authorities to prove that two men might con-stitute a party : Lord Randolph had a superabundance of followers,reckoned on that basis, for, including the leader, the Fourth Par
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