bombardment alexandria 1882 cannon blast shot steam sailing mast sail war ball fire weapon death power battle The Bombardment of
The Bombardment of Alexandria (1882) by the British Mediterranean Fleet took place on 11-13 July 1882. Admiral Sir Frederick Beauchamp Seymour was in command of a fleet of about 15 Royal Navy ironclad ships which sailed to Alexandria when a riot broke out and Europeans were killed. The Royal Navy arrived in the port city to protect the lives and property of British subjects. When the forces of Col. Urabi began augmenting their port fortifications, the Admiral issued an ultimatum to stop and when the Egyptians didn't stop fortifying their positions, the fleet attacked. The one-day bombardment of the city was successful in defeating all of the Egyptian forts with no loss of British ships, but the next day a fire broke out and the areas of Alexandria in which Europeans were predominant burned down. The British tried to occupy Egypt during the Napoleonic Wars, but were defeated in 1807 by forces under Muhammed Ali and Britain withdrew. In 1869, Kedive Ismail of Egypt inaugurated the Suez Canal, which was a joint venture between the Egyptian Government and the french-led Suez Canal Company. During the digging of the canal many Egyptian workers died that it got common in the collective memory of Egyptians to say that Egyptian blood ran in the canal before the water of the seas. The canal cut sailing time from Britain to India by weeks and Britain's interest in Egypt grew. Due to the excessive spending of the Egyptian Government under the ambitious Khedive, Britain purchased the Khedive's shares of the Suez Canal company in 1875, thus becoming the controlling partner. French and British concern led to the establishment of an Anglo-French Condominium over Egypt which was still nominally under the Ottoman Empire. Egyptian nationalism was sparked and after a revolt by Egyptian troops in 1881, complete control of the government was held by Urabi Pasha by February 1882. The rebellion expressed resentment of the undue influence of foreigners and Coptic Christians.
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