A text-book of entomology, including the anatomy, physiology, embryology and metamorphoses of insects, for use in agricultural and technical schools and colleges as well as by the working entomologist . idae, Cleridse, Ptinidse, Dermestidse,Byrrhidse, Scarabeeidce, Elateridte, and Cerambycidae), and in theCulicidae, and a few other Diptera, though they are especially char- 1 T> ^ 7. i H p j ! i\ A Hi * > r 1 rfl: « • a \ v \ 1 , IS I <; r 1 Fio. 221. — Flattened and spinulated hairs of tufts of larva of Acronyota hastulifera. acteristic of the Lepidoptera, not a species of this great
A text-book of entomology, including the anatomy, physiology, embryology and metamorphoses of insects, for use in agricultural and technical schools and colleges as well as by the working entomologist . idae, Cleridse, Ptinidse, Dermestidse,Byrrhidse, Scarabeeidce, Elateridte, and Cerambycidae), and in theCulicidae, and a few other Diptera, though they are especially char- 1 T> ^ 7. i H p j ! i\ A Hi * > r 1 rfl: « • a \ v \ 1 , IS I <; r 1 Fio. 221. — Flattened and spinulated hairs of tufts of larva of Acronyota hastulifera. acteristic of the Lepidoptera, not a species of this great order being known to be entirely destitute of them. The scales vary much in shape, but are more or less tile-like, attached to the surfaceof the body or wing bya short slender pedicel,and are more looselyconnected with the in-tegument than the hairs,•which are thicker at thebase or insertion thanbeyond. The markings of thescales, both of Synapteraand Lepidoptera, arevery elaborate, consist- ing of raised lines, ridges, or striae with transverse ridges between. The striae of the transparent scales of Micropteryx are from about 500 to 300 to the millimetre, varying in different species. The. Fio. 222. — Scales from dorsal tuft on second thoracicsegment of larva of Qastropaeha querc/J/i/in. USE OF THE SCALES 195 opaque scales of Morpho, which show metallic reflections, haveabout 1400 striae to the millimetre. (Kellogg.) The primary use of scales, as observed by Kellogg, is to protectthe body, as seen in. Synaptera and Lepidoptera. A nearly asimportant use is the production of colors and patterns of colors andmarkings, while in certain butterflies certain scales function as theexternal openings of dermal scent-glands, and they afford in somecases (as first claimed by Kettelhoit in I860) generic and specificcharacters. Spuler has shown that the scales are strengthened byinternal chitinous pillars. Burgess has observed in the scales ofDanais plexippus that the under surface
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, bookpublishe, booksubjectinsects
