. The Street railway journal . grate or else pass the burninggases through tubes surrounded by water, and in this way theheat is transmitted directly through the material of the tube tothe water. Any change in the conductivity for heat of the sides ofthe tube will therefore materially interfere with the steam-pro-ducing properties of the boiler. Unfortunately, but few localities have a water supply that inits natural state can be heated to the boiling point without deposit-ing some foreign matter either contained in solution or as sedi-ment upon the vessel containing it, and in the case of a b
. The Street railway journal . grate or else pass the burninggases through tubes surrounded by water, and in this way theheat is transmitted directly through the material of the tube tothe water. Any change in the conductivity for heat of the sides ofthe tube will therefore materially interfere with the steam-pro-ducing properties of the boiler. Unfortunately, but few localities have a water supply that inits natural state can be heated to the boiling point without deposit-ing some foreign matter either contained in solution or as sedi-ment upon the vessel containing it, and in the case of a boiler thismatter forms what is commonly known as scale on either the in-terior or exterior of the tube, as the case may be. This scale de-creases to a very great extent the heating effect of the fire, ex- May 3, 1902.] STREET RAILWAY JOURNAL. 577 periments showing that 1-16 in. wastes 13 per cent, of the fuel. Numerous devices which have combined much ingenuity andthe results of chemical research have been employed to overcome. SECTION OF APPARATUS clarified. The sediment that results from the chemical action inthe reaction chamber is precipitated to the bottom of this chamberand can be readily drawn off. An automatic washing arrangement,which is provided for the filter, pre-vents any choking up of the apparatusat this point. There are two principal advantagesclaimed for this apparatus outside ofthe fact that it does its work thoroughlyand satisfactorily. One is, that it re-quires absolutely no attention morethan the charging once a day with limeand soda, the removing of sedimentand the testing of the water to see thatno change in its composition has takenplace. These operations can be donein a very lew minutes and the ap-paratus left to itself fur the remainder11I the day. The other special ad-vantage is that no chemicals otherthan ordinary lime and soda are usedin the process, and that after the ap-paratus has been installed in a powerhouse the operating company is atliberty
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjectstreetr, bookyear1884
