. The sea-beach at ebb-tide : a guide to the study of the seaweeds and the lower animal life found between tidemarks . on the upper surface. The mouth is in the center of the ventralsurface, and the excretory opening is on the edge of the disk. In lifethey are covered with short, fine, silky spines, which seem like hair, andare purplish-brown in color, but turn green when taken from the sand-dollars are exceedingly abundant off Nan tucket Shoals, wherethe bottom seems paved with them. They are eaten in great numbersby flounders, cod, and haddock. When put in alcohol they stain it ada
. The sea-beach at ebb-tide : a guide to the study of the seaweeds and the lower animal life found between tidemarks . on the upper surface. The mouth is in the center of the ventralsurface, and the excretory opening is on the edge of the disk. In lifethey are covered with short, fine, silky spines, which seem like hair, andare purplish-brown in color, but turn green when taken from the sand-dollars are exceedingly abundant off Nan tucket Shoals, wherethe bottom seems paved with them. They are eaten in great numbersby flounders, cod, and haddock. When put in alcohol they stain it adark color. Fishermen prepare an indelible ink by grinding to powderthese animals and mixing it with some liquid. This species is also foundon the northern Pacific coast. E. ejrcentiiciis. This is the common sand-dollar of the Pacificcoast. The disk, instead of being circular as in K. /laniia, is somewhatstraight across the posterior end, and the posterior ambulacra! /.ones areshorter than the other three. The upper side of the disk is raised, form-ing a cone-like elevation, the apex heing the center of the ixtriua, the sand-dollar,smaller than natural size. Much GENUS M. tcstiHlimifa. The disk is rounded in front and straight in theback. Four long, narrow lunales, or cuts, occur on the sides in linewith the ambulacral, petal-shaped zones, but d not extend quite to theedge, of the disk; and a wide liinalc occurs in I lie interambulacral space 226 MARINE INVERTEBRATES of the posterior end. The three anterior zones are shorter than the pos-terior pair. On the upper side of the disk the spines all turn towardthe periphery. The color of the living animal is greenish-blue. It isvery abundant from Cape Hatteras southward in shallow water, and theshells are sometimes found as far north as Cape Cod. (Plate LVIII.) GENUS Encope E. tnichelini. Ambulacral zones unequal in size, the posterior pairusually longer than the others ; lunales like notches in the margin, witha large one op
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectmarinea, bookyear1901
