. The Australian zoologist. Zoology; Zoology; Zoology. RAYMENT 145 situated some 13 centimetres below. Microscopical examination of several hundreds of bees in the vernal brood demonstrated that all were virgin females. Not one male was present. This virgin brood of spring is also present in H. emeraldensis Raym.; H. raymenti Ckll.; H. dcmissus Ckll., and H. cyclurus Ckll. It is probably true of H. leai Ckll.; H. peraustrails Ckll. and H. goraeensis Raym. It does not exist in H. lanarius Sm., where both males and females hibernate in their natal cells over winter, and both sexes emerge in earl
. The Australian zoologist. Zoology; Zoology; Zoology. RAYMENT 145 situated some 13 centimetres below. Microscopical examination of several hundreds of bees in the vernal brood demonstrated that all were virgin females. Not one male was present. This virgin brood of spring is also present in H. emeraldensis Raym.; H. raymenti Ckll.; H. dcmissus Ckll., and H. cyclurus Ckll. It is probably true of H. leai Ckll.; H. peraustrails Ckll. and H. goraeensis Raym. It does not exist in H. lanarius Sm., where both males and females hibernate in their natal cells over winter, and both sexes emerge in early spring. H. seductus Ckll. has the same sequence. Nevertheless, in spite of this divergence from the typical pattern, there are yet two forms of females in H. lanarius Sm. Armbruster (1916) and Legewie (1922) agree on the three discrete generations for the European H. malarchurus, but maintain that the over-wintering generation is bisexual. This is true of the Australian H. lanarius, but it is certainly not the case in H. climorphus. The vernal virgins have a blackish-green head; a lighter metallic-green thorax* and the abdomen is of a clear apricot-colour. Excavation of over 100 shafts demonstrated that each vernal virgin had merely extended a tunnel from her natal cell, and had constructed for herself a group of eight or so cells. The cluster of cells built by H. cyclurus Ckll. is much more compact, and may be lifted out in one lump, with the cells more or less contiguous and cemented together. The cluster of mud cells is even tighter, and arranged in the more orderly design of the Nomiine bee, Nomia australica Sm. The subearthen colony may now contain over 60 cells in various stages of construction, but all the females will continue to use the main shaft. There is not any "mother" bee present as Fabre maintained, for not one individual field-bee of the autumnal brood survives the winter. This state. v â â¢â¢â '\V;-. Fig. 3: Graphic section of "nest"
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectzoology, bookyear1914
