. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. 34 EVOLUTION IN COLOR-PATTERN OF THE LADY-BEETLES. MEASUREMENTS. I have measured, by means of the eye-piece micrometer, the degree of separateness or confluence of the several spots in a lot of beetles from Fair- filed, Washington. Fig. 19 gives the result in the case of spots 4 and 5. The micrometer units of mm. have been used without change to avoid the introduction of errors of reduction. In order to avoid errors of com- binations the original classes are used, even though it makes the polygons somewhat irregular. The reader may make h
. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. 34 EVOLUTION IN COLOR-PATTERN OF THE LADY-BEETLES. MEASUREMENTS. I have measured, by means of the eye-piece micrometer, the degree of separateness or confluence of the several spots in a lot of beetles from Fair- filed, Washington. Fig. 19 gives the result in the case of spots 4 and 5. The micrometer units of mm. have been used without change to avoid the introduction of errors of reduction. In order to avoid errors of com- binations the original classes are used, even though it makes the polygons somewhat irregular. The reader may make his own combination of classes mentally. Of course, since it was necessary to measure a projection of the curved surface and as the distance measured was not always at the same focal distance, there are errors involved. Experimental testing, however, shows that the errors are too slight to affect the significant features of the (n) The distance between and confluence of ppots 4 and 5 (in units of .625 millimeters.) (6) Males, (c) Females, (f?) All (a) 14 13 12 11 10 '.18765432101 23 1 5 C 7 S 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 (b) 0 1 0 2 2 6 10 11 S 84 Ox! 20 1 0 1 3 4 811 15 14 13 13 2321 0 = (c)000j4696 13 11 S 7 61210345 10 ],\ 3C, 27 20 20 8 4 2 2 0 = 324 FIG. 19.—Variation ol the distance between and confluence of spots 4 and 5 in Hippodamia convergcns at Fuirnekl, Washington. polygons. A novel method has been used in the construction of the curves. 0 is the case where the spots are separated by a distance less than unit or confluent to the extent of having a connecting strand less than unit in thickness. Increase of distance between the two spots is plotted to the left. Increase in breadth of the connecting strand pigment is plotted to the right. It will be noticed that the sexes do not materially differ; that the dis- tance apart is more variable than the thickness of the connecting band; that the polygon is bimodal; and that the transitional cases fall
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