A history of all nations from the earliest times; being a universal historical library . actand well-unified a realm that the great crown-vassals were no longera menace to it. For now, with the Isle de France, Normandy, Ar-tois, Verniandois, Touraine, Maine, Berry, and Languedoc wereimmediately dependent on the king himself ; while members of theroyal house held sway in Burgundy, Brittany, Boulogne, Poitou,Auvergne, Toulouse, Anjou, Provence, Nevers, and Bourbon. This LOUIS IX. OF FRANCE. 255 enabled Louis gradually to abrogate feudal forms in the administra-tion, which passed into the hands o
A history of all nations from the earliest times; being a universal historical library . actand well-unified a realm that the great crown-vassals were no longera menace to it. For now, with the Isle de France, Normandy, Ar-tois, Verniandois, Touraine, Maine, Berry, and Languedoc wereimmediately dependent on the king himself ; while members of theroyal house held sway in Burgundy, Brittany, Boulogne, Poitou,Auvergne, Toulouse, Anjou, Provence, Nevers, and Bourbon. This LOUIS IX. OF FRANCE. 255 enabled Louis gradually to abrogate feudal forms in the administra-tion, which passed into the hands of royal officials, — bailiffs andprovosts, — who, under the chancellor as prime minister, constitutedthe kings privy council. In the much-favored citizens of the freetowns, of which he created a large number, he gained for the mon-archy a new source of loyal and devoted support. With all hispersonal piety and zeal in executing the will of the church,Louis IX. was not affected by the high-church tendency predomi-nant in his time, and held inflexibly to the states right of ordering. Fig. 113. — Costumes toward the close of the thirteenth century. Miniature in amanuscript of the romance Tristan. Fourteenth century. Paris. NationalLibrary. (From Lacroix.) itself in conformity with its own mission and aims, and, when neces-sary, of requiring the co-operation of the churcli. The fate ofFrederick II. and his empire confirmed him in his convictions, andcontributed to make it one of his chief objects to organize a Galil-ean church, strong in learning and devotion to its duties, but essen-tially a national institution. Through the somewhat mythicalPraematic Sanction of 12(59 he is said to have secured this churchin the enjoyment of its ancient rights ; and by granting the chaptersabsolute freedom of election, and by the prohibition of simony, he 2.)n FliAXCE AXD ENGLAND FROM 1154 TO 1272. withdrew it from all foreign influences, even that of the pope, whowas specially shut out from
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