. Animal parasites and human disease. Parasites; Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. 230 THE FLUKES hospital. According to Goddard there are three stages in the disease caused by this parasite. There is first a period of latency during which there is some asthenia and mild anemia. This is followed by a period of diarrhea, in which there is more or less intestinal disorder; there is however* no blood in the diarrheal stools. There is always noticeable anemia, and this may be extreme. A com- bination of chronic diarrhea and an- emia is said to be characteristically the result o
. Animal parasites and human disease. Parasites; Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. 230 THE FLUKES hospital. According to Goddard there are three stages in the disease caused by this parasite. There is first a period of latency during which there is some asthenia and mild anemia. This is followed by a period of diarrhea, in which there is more or less intestinal disorder; there is however* no blood in the diarrheal stools. There is always noticeable anemia, and this may be extreme. A com- bination of chronic diarrhea and an- emia is said to be characteristically the result of Fasciolopsis infection in Shaohing. Often the abdomen is protuberant in children. The third stage is characterized by increased anemia and a distressing amount of oedema, which affects the abdominal cavity first, then the legs, and finally the upper portions of the body. It gives the affected parts of the body a very characteristic puffy and swollen appearance. Goddard believes that the infection is derived from eating imperfectly cooked snails, some species of which may act as the in- termediate host. This would imply that a second intermediate host was not necessary in the life history. On the other hand it has been claimed that the cercarise encyst in shrimps, but Leiper had no success in infecting hogs with the cysts which he found in shrimps. The full life history of none of these intestinal parasites is known, and we can only guess at them by analogy with more or less closely related parasites about which we have more knowledge. None of them do enough damage to cause more than slight in- testinal irritation or catarrh, and sometimes light dysenteric symptoms. They are susceptible to most of the drugs used for expelling tapeworms and roundworms. Some species are said not to be affected readily by santonin, though they are ex- pelled by thymol and naphthalene, and presumably by oil of Fig. 80. Fasciolopsisbuski, i large intestinal fluke of man. x 2
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