Pyelography (pyelo-ureterography) a study of the normal and pathologic anatomy of the renal pelvis and ureter . Fig. 89.—Hydronephrosis. An element which may affect the general contour of thedilated pelvis is that of secondary infection. With the in-terference to drainage secondary infection is frequentlyestablished, and, if this goes on to a considerable degree,it may markedly affect the general pelvic outhne. Thepelvis may then become more irregular in outline and thecalyces irregularly rounded. Large Hydronephroses.—The demonstration of large 120 PYELOGRAPHY hydronephrosis by means of pyelo
Pyelography (pyelo-ureterography) a study of the normal and pathologic anatomy of the renal pelvis and ureter . Fig. 89.—Hydronephrosis. An element which may affect the general contour of thedilated pelvis is that of secondary infection. With the in-terference to drainage secondary infection is frequentlyestablished, and, if this goes on to a considerable degree,it may markedly affect the general pelvic outhne. Thepelvis may then become more irregular in outline and thecalyces irregularly rounded. Large Hydronephroses.—The demonstration of large 120 PYELOGRAPHY hydronephrosis by means of pyelography is, as a rule, un-necessary, since its existence may ordinarily be determinedby means of the cystoscope and ureteral catheter. How-ever, because of the difficulty in interpreting the nature ofan obstruction met by the ureteral catheter, or in recogniz-ing retained fluid by the usual cystoscopic technic, it may. Fig. 90.—Hydronephrosis. be necessary to make a pyelogram. It will usually be diffi-cult to demonstrate the entire contour of a greatly dis-tended pelvis in the pyelogram because of the dilution ofthe injected medium by the retained fluid. The calycesalone may be visible and appear as detached, irregularlyrounded areas, particularly when partially filled. Withgreat dilution of a small amount of injected solution either MECHANICAL DILATATIOxV 121 a diffuse round outline or but a few dim, scattered shadowsare visible to suggest the distended sac. At times but asingle dilated calyx may be outlined, due to the fact thatthe injected fluid has remained undiluted in a partiallydrained calyx. In Fig. 90 the outUne of a large hydro-nephrotic sac is visible with the detached areas of greatlydistended calyces. The ureter is seen to bend acutely upon
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectkidneys, bookyear1915
