. On British wild flowers considered in relation to insects. Flowers; Fertilization of plants by insects; Plants. 1.] ADAPTATIONS OF INSECTS TO FLOWERS. 13 and the legs. If we are asked why we assume that in these cases the mouth and legs have been modified, the answer is, that they depart greatly from the type found in allied insects, and that be- tween this original type and the most modified examples, various gradations are to be found. The mouth of an insect is composed of (i) an upper lip (Fig. 11«), (2) an under lip (Fig. 1113') (3) a pair of anterior jaws or mandibles (Fig. 11 b), and (
. On British wild flowers considered in relation to insects. Flowers; Fertilization of plants by insects; Plants. 1.] ADAPTATIONS OF INSECTS TO FLOWERS. 13 and the legs. If we are asked why we assume that in these cases the mouth and legs have been modified, the answer is, that they depart greatly from the type found in allied insects, and that be- tween this original type and the most modified examples, various gradations are to be found. The mouth of an insect is composed of (i) an upper lip (Fig. 11«), (2) an under lip (Fig. 1113') (3) a pair of anterior jaws or mandibles (Fig. 11 b), and (4) a pair of posterior jaws or maxilla (Fig. 11 c). These two pairs of jaws work laterally,. Fig. II.—MuLUh-parla ..f .1 a, or upper lip ; l>, mandibles ; c, iTirixill:£ ; d, Jabium or lower lip ; xjc, palpi. (.hat is to say, from side to side, and not, as in man and other mammalia, upwards and downwards. The lower lip and maxillae are each provided with a pair of feelers or palpi (Fig. ii, c and d, x). The above figures represent the mouth parts of a wasp, in which, as is very usually the case, the mandibles are hard and horny, while the maxillae are delicate and mem- branous. In the different groups of insects, these organs present almost infinite Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Lubbock, John, Sir, 1834-1913. London, Macmillan and Co.
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