A practical course in botany : with especial reference to its bearings on agriculture, economics, and sanitation . wer VI. Hybridization VII. Plant Breeding ....VIII. Ecology of the Flower A. The Prevention of Self-pollination B. Wind Pollixation C. Insect Pollination .... D. Protective Adaptation Work ....-,, 20421021421022;?230 285239241245249 CONTENTS IXCHAPTER VIII. FRUITS PAGE I. Horticultural and Botanical Fruits . , 250 II. Fleshy Fruits . 255 HI. DuY Fruits 260 IV. Accessory, Aggregate, and Multiple Fruits . . 265 Field Work 269 CHAPTER IX. THE RESPONSE OF THE PLANT TOITS SURROU
A practical course in botany : with especial reference to its bearings on agriculture, economics, and sanitation . wer VI. Hybridization VII. Plant Breeding ....VIII. Ecology of the Flower A. The Prevention of Self-pollination B. Wind Pollixation C. Insect Pollination .... D. Protective Adaptation Work ....-,, 20421021421022;?230 285239241245249 CONTENTS IXCHAPTER VIII. FRUITS PAGE I. Horticultural and Botanical Fruits . , 250 II. Fleshy Fruits . 255 HI. DuY Fruits 260 IV. Accessory, Aggregate, and Multiple Fruits . . 265 Field Work 269 CHAPTER IX. THE RESPONSE OF THE PLANT TOITS SURROUNDINGS I. Ecological Factors 271 II. Plant Associations 277 III. Zones of Vegetation 288 Field Work 294 CHAPTER X. CRYPTOGAMS I. TiiEiK Place in Nature = . 296 II. Alg^: 299 HI. Fungi 30=^ A. Bacteria 306 B. Yeasts 314 C. Rusts 317 D. Mushrooms 323 IV. Lichens . 329 V. Liverwortp 334 VI. INIossES 341 VH. Fern Plants 344 VIH. The Relation between Cryptogams and Seed Plants . 354 IX. The Course of Plant Evolution 359 Field Work 362 APPENDIX 1. Systematic Botany 364 2. Weights, Measures, and Temperatures 367. CHAPTER I. THE SEEDI. THE STORAGE OF FOOD IN SEEDS Material. — In addition to the four food tests described in , there should be provided some raw starch, a solution of grapesugar, the white of a hard-boiled egg, and any fatty substance, suclias lard or oil. For Exps. 8 and 9, a little diastase solution will be nec-essary. Taka diastase, made from rice acted upon by a fungus, canbe obtained for a trifle at almost any drug store. Living material. — Grains of corn and wheat, and seeds of somekind of bean, the larger the better. The horse bean (Vicia faba), ifit can be obtained, makes an excellent object for study, as the cells areso large that they can be seen with the naked eye. For showing thepresence of proteins (aleurone grains) and oily matter, use thin cross sec-tions through the kernel of a castor bean or a Brazil nut. Specimensfor the study of the individual
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