. The practice of pediatrics. radually accus-toms both the infant and thenipple to what will be requiredlater. Immediately after thenursing the nipple should becarefully washed with a satur-ated solution of boric acid and thoroughly but gently dried. A baby should never be allowed to nursefrom a cracked or fissured nipple. For this very painful condition anipple-shield (Fig. 1) should always be used. HUMAN MILKWhile human milk varies as to the proportion of its nutritionalelements at different periods of lactation, and even at different times ofthe day. Milks upon which infants thrive agree wi
. The practice of pediatrics. radually accus-toms both the infant and thenipple to what will be requiredlater. Immediately after thenursing the nipple should becarefully washed with a satur-ated solution of boric acid and thoroughly but gently dried. A baby should never be allowed to nursefrom a cracked or fissured nipple. For this very painful condition anipple-shield (Fig. 1) should always be used. HUMAN MILKWhile human milk varies as to the proportion of its nutritionalelements at different periods of lactation, and even at different times ofthe day. Milks upon which infants thrive agree within certain limits,so that a standard of limitations may be laid clown. Among a greatmany specimens which I have examined the solids have ranged between12 and 13 per cent. The range in fat has been from to percent., proteid from to per cent., sugar from to per figures represent the analyses of the breast-milks given childrenwho were thriving and who were of different ages. The variations. Fig. 1.—Nipple-shield. 32 THE PRACTICE OF PEDIATRICS are not as wide as have been reported by others, but it is to be remem-bered that all these babies were thriving. Whoever has examinedbreast-milk even a few times is aware of the existence of the widestpossible variations. I have seen breast-milks which contained 8 percent, of fat and others which contained only per cent.; but chil-dren thus fed were not well. Fat exists in mothers milk as minuteglobules in emulsion, varying somewhat in composition, depending uponthe kind of food eaten. The proteids of breast-milk offer a wide field for further are several of these proteids, the most important being casein andlactalbumin. The proportions are subject to considerable variation,depending upon the diet and habits of life of the producer. With acontinuation of lactation there is a diminution of the proteid, so thatat the ninth or tenth month it is considerably reduced, the total proteidofte
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