. The Botanical Class-Book and Flora of Pennsylvania. 5. Erose (gnawed,) when the margin has the appearance of being bitten by inecctB, though not so in reality. Ex.: Firewced. 6. Spinwe (armed.) when the marginal denticulations, whatever form theyassume, are terminated with sharp, rigid spines. Ex.: Thistle, Argemone. 7. Undulate (wary,) when the margin rises and falls like waves. Ex.: Ania-rauthus. 8. (torn,) divided by deep and irregular gashes. 0. Crisped, when the margin is variously curled and twisted. Ex.: CrispedMallows. 10. Kevolute, when the margin is rolled backward, or up

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. The Botanical Class-Book and Flora of Pennsylvania. 5. Erose (gnawed,) when the margin has the appearance of being bitten by inecctB, though not so in reality. Ex.: Firewced. 6. Spinwe (armed.) when the marginal denticulations, whatever form theyassume, are terminated with sharp, rigid spines. Ex.: Thistle, Argemone. 7. Undulate (wary,) when the margin rises and falls like waves. Ex.: Ania-rauthus. 8. (torn,) divided by deep and irregular gashes. 0. Crisped, when the margin is variously curled and twisted. Ex.: CrispedMallows. 10. Kevolute, when the margin is rolled backward, or upon tho under surface-Ex.: Rosemary, Thyme. Involute, when rolled forward, or upon the upper side. APEX. 112. The apex of a leaf is that part which is opposite tothe base or footstalk. It varies considerably in shape indifferent leaves. It is said to be— 1. Acute, when it terminates with an acute angle. 2. Acuminate, (Fig. 61,) when it ends with a long tapering point. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65.

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