Text-book of hygiene; a comprehensive treatise on the principles and practice of preventive medicine from an American stand-point . up, exposing the closet for thorough cleansing, orfor use as a urinal or slop-hopper. Where the arrangement here described is adopted, extra urinalsare unnecessary and undesirable. Where they are used they shouldbe constancy and freely flushed with water, otherwise they becomevery offensive. The floor of the urinal should be either of tiling, slate,or ename]ed iron. 11 Manufactured by the Myers Sanitary Depot, New York. 12 Sanitary Condition of New York City, Scri
Text-book of hygiene; a comprehensive treatise on the principles and practice of preventive medicine from an American stand-point . up, exposing the closet for thorough cleansing, orfor use as a urinal or slop-hopper. Where the arrangement here described is adopted, extra urinalsare unnecessary and undesirable. Where they are used they shouldbe constancy and freely flushed with water, otherwise they becomevery offensive. The floor of the urinal should be either of tiling, slate,or ename]ed iron. 11 Manufactured by the Myers Sanitary Depot, New York. 12 Sanitary Condition of New York City, Scribners Monthly, vol. xxii,No. 2, June, 1881. HOUSE-DRAINAGE. 211 B. Water-supply for Closets.—The water-supply for flushingwater-closets should not be taken directly from the common house-water supply, but each closet should have an independent cistern largeenough to hold a sufficient quantity of water for a thorough flushing(20 to 30 litres) every time the closet is used. The objections toconnecting the water-closet directly with the common house-supplyare, that there is often too little head of water to properly flush the. basin; and, secondly, if the water be drawn from a fixture in thelower part of the house, while the valve of a water-closet in an upperfloor is open at the same time, the water will not flow in the latter(unless the supply-pipe is very large), but the foul air from the closetwill enter the water-pipe, and may thus produce dangerous foulingof the drinking-water. Hence, separate cisterns for each water-closetshould always be insisted upon. The arrangement of these cisterns is often difficult to compre-hend. Fig. 20 shows the interior arrangement of one form. Theball-shaped float, a, cuts off the supply when the tank is full, whileopening the valve, b, by means of the crank, c, discharges the rounded annex, d, contains water enough to partly fill the closet- 212 TEXT-BOOK OF HYGIENE. bowl and trap after the contents have been washed out by the rapid
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