. Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. er of equine encephalomyelitis,while Cidex tarsalis Coq. has been found in nature infected with thewestern form of equine encephalomyelitis, and with that of humanencephalitis. (See Hammon et al., 1941; Giltner and Shahan, 1942.)Species of Aedes have been demonstrated to be potential vectors of NO. I BITING AND DISEASE-CARRYING FLIES—SNODGRASS IJ the virus of fowl pox; and finally, both Aedes and Culex are knowntransmitters of nematode worms producing filariasis of man. III. SAND FLIES. FAMILY PSYCHODIDAE Most members of the psychodid family are small,
. Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. er of equine encephalomyelitis,while Cidex tarsalis Coq. has been found in nature infected with thewestern form of equine encephalomyelitis, and with that of humanencephalitis. (See Hammon et al., 1941; Giltner and Shahan, 1942.)Species of Aedes have been demonstrated to be potential vectors of NO. I BITING AND DISEASE-CARRYING FLIES—SNODGRASS IJ the virus of fowl pox; and finally, both Aedes and Culex are knowntransmitters of nematode worms producing filariasis of man. III. SAND FLIES. FAMILY PSYCHODIDAE Most members of the psychodid family are small, harmless, nectar-feeding flies that look like tiny moths on account of their dense hairycovering and the way the wings are spread out flat or slopingly overthe body when at rest. Species of the genus Flebotomus Rondani,known as sand flies, however, are bloodsuckers and painful species are relatively few, but they are widely distributed, par-ticularly in warm regions; only one species has been recorded from theUnited Fig. 6.—A sand fly, Flebotomus verrucarum Towns., female. very hairy fly, but hairs removed to show structure. (Length of body 2 mm.) Flebotomus is a small, long-legged, very hairy fly a few millimetersin length (fig. 6, hairs not shown). When not in flight the wings areheld upward and outward at an angle of about 45 degrees from thebody with their inner margins sloping downward toward each wing venation shows that the insect belongs to the Psychodidae,though otherwise it has little resemblance to other members of itsfamily. The long head with its strong proboscis projects downwardfrom beneath the thorax at right angles to the axis of the body, whichis elevated on the slender legs, so that the whole configuration of theinsect is one suggestive of readiness for giving a vigorous stab withthe beak. The head of Flebotomus (fig. 7 A, B, C) is elongate dorsoventrally,and is suspended from the neck (B, Cvx) by its upper part
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