. Effects of different systems and intensities of grazing upon the native vegetation at the Northern Great Plains Field Station. Grazing; Forage plants; Agricultural systems. In Cooperation with the North Dakota Agricultural College DEPARTMENT BULLETIN No. 1170. Washington, D. C. July, 1923 EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SYSTEMS AND INTENSITIES OF GRAZING UPON THE NATIVE VEGETATION AT THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS FIELD STATION. By J. T. Saevts, Assistant Agronomist. Office of Dry-Land Agriculture Investi- gations, Bureau of Plant Industry. CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 1 Plan of the grazing experiment 3 Lan
. Effects of different systems and intensities of grazing upon the native vegetation at the Northern Great Plains Field Station. Grazing; Forage plants; Agricultural systems. In Cooperation with the North Dakota Agricultural College DEPARTMENT BULLETIN No. 1170. Washington, D. C. July, 1923 EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SYSTEMS AND INTENSITIES OF GRAZING UPON THE NATIVE VEGETATION AT THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS FIELD STATION. By J. T. Saevts, Assistant Agronomist. Office of Dry-Land Agriculture Investi- gations, Bureau of Plant Industry. CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 1 Plan of the grazing experiment 3 Land used for the experiment 5 Relation of precipitation to native forage production 7 Deferred and rotation system of grazing 8 Period of grazing and cattle used 10 Weighing the cattle 11 Gains of the cattle 12 Percentage of vegetation annualiy removed by grazing 15 Measure of efficiency of a pasture or system of grazing 17 Page. Botanical studies in connection with the experiment 10 Other studies bearing upon the ex- periment 33 Soil moisture Palatability of the vegetation 35 Causes of the deterioration of native pastures by grazing with cattle 38 Grazing capacity based upon the native vegetation 39 Salient points revealed by the graz- ing experiment 42 Conclusions and summary 42 INTRODUCTION. During the period when the beef-cattle industry on the free ranges of the Great Plains area was in a thriving condition, meager authentic information was recorded regarding the best utilization of the native vegetation. This information is lacking because there was little demand at that time for the investigation of the subject through a systematic study of grazing problems. The range was looked upon as an inexhaustible supply of forage for all classes of stock. If the range became short in one place, it was only necessary to move to a new area. With the advent of the dry-land farmer and the conse- quent splitting up of the range, however, grazing became more in- tensified, and a demand ar
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