. The Americana : a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc. of the world . Wales, afterward George III. He laidout the royal gardens at Kew in the Chinesestyle, and built the villa of the Earl of Bes-borough at Roehampton, in the Italian style, amansion for Lord Ahercorn, near Edinburgh,and houses for Lord Melbourne and the Earlof Gower, at Whitehall and in Piccadilly. Hismasterpiece was Somerset house- in London,which he rebuilt in 1775. He published in759-68. a Treatise on Civil Architecture ; in1772, a Disserta
. The Americana : a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc. of the world . Wales, afterward George III. He laidout the royal gardens at Kew in the Chinesestyle, and built the villa of the Earl of Bes-borough at Roehampton, in the Italian style, amansion for Lord Ahercorn, near Edinburgh,and houses for Lord Melbourne and the Earlof Gower, at Whitehall and in Piccadilly. Hismasterpiece was Somerset house- in London,which he rebuilt in 1775. He published in759-68. a Treatise on Civil Architecture ; in1772, a Dissertation on Oriental Gardening. Chambers, William, Scottish publisher andmiscellaneous writer: b. Peebles 16 April 1800;d. Edinburgh 20 May 1883. He was a brotherof Robert Chambers ()- He publishedThings as They Are in America C1853),American Slavery and Color* (1857) ; France:Its History and Revolutions* (1871) ; Stories ofOld Families,* etc. In 1X59 he bestowed on hisbirthplace the commodious suite of buildingsknown as the Chambers Institute, comprising alibrary, reading-room, lecture-room, art-gallery,and museum. Of his native county he published. MR. JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN. CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE —CHAMBORD a history in 1864. In 1865 he was elected LordProvost of Edinburgh, in which capacity heorganized and carried out many extensive anduseful measures of sanitary improvement. Be-tween 1871 and 1883 he spent upward of$100,000 on the restoration of St. Giles Cathe-dral, Edinburgh. Chambers of Commerce, associationsformed by tradesmen and merchants for the pur-pose of protecting and furthering the commer-cial interests of the community to which thechamber belongs. Among the various methodsemployed to promote the ends of such associa-tions are the following: The influence of legis-lative action for the benefit of commerce, thecollection of trade statistics, the gaining of eco-nomical or other advantages, by combination, thesettlement by arbitration of mercantile disagree-ments. The
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