. Bulletin of the Natural Histort Museum. Geology series. CANNIBALISM IN BRITAIN: TAPHONOMY OF FAUNAL AND HUMAN REMAINS FROM GOUGH'S CAVE 71. Fig. 9 The Gough's Cave excavation showing some of the human ribs in individual 2 being excavated beneath the overhang of the side wall. Anatomical elements: Cranial Mandibles: There are three adult human mandibles in the collec- tion, counted as six hemi-mandibles, 12 specimens of equids. and 9 of cervid. All the mandibles are heavily damaged. The equid mandibles consist either of symphysis (50%) or alveolar fragments (50%) with no inferior border or as
. Bulletin of the Natural Histort Museum. Geology series. CANNIBALISM IN BRITAIN: TAPHONOMY OF FAUNAL AND HUMAN REMAINS FROM GOUGH'S CAVE 71. Fig. 9 The Gough's Cave excavation showing some of the human ribs in individual 2 being excavated beneath the overhang of the side wall. Anatomical elements: Cranial Mandibles: There are three adult human mandibles in the collec- tion, counted as six hemi-mandibles, 12 specimens of equids. and 9 of cervid. All the mandibles are heavily damaged. The equid mandibles consist either of symphysis (50%) or alveolar fragments (50%) with no inferior border or ascending ramus. Most mandibles have some of the premolars and molars in situ. Cervid mandibles show a similarly highly destructive pattern, with broken fragments consisting only of portions of alveolus with no inferior border or ascending ramus. The only exception to this pattern is shown in Fig. 19, where a cervid mandible is shown with a dental series and diastema complete to the symphysis. Most mandibles of cervid (56%), but also some horses (33%), show percussion marks on the lingual side, some of them with massive damage (Fig. 19B). Also common are cut-marks on the buccal side (Fig. 19A). Such strength applied to the mandible has produced severe damage, not only to the mandible, but also to most of the teeth, which are seriously crushed (Fig. 19B). It is further peculiar that three of the cervid mandibles and one of the horse mandibles have a triangular shaped percussion mark (Fig. 19B), also seen on a distal metapodial of cervid (M49832). The triangular percussion mark is quite deep, suggesting a forceful stroke. Human mandibles are also heavily damaged in a similar way, although they have no percussion marks. A complete human mandi- ble (M54137b) has both ascending rami broken. The right hemi-mandible has extensive peeling on the ascending ramus, possi- bly related to breakage of the articular condyle, and slight breakage is seen along the inferior border close to the man
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