. The elements of railroad engineering . middle of the tie, especially in severe freez-ing weather, as they are liable to split it, but at n * from 24 to 3 inches fromthe outside of the tie,where the wood is sure tobe sound and the grain lessopen The proper arrangement c i-u -1 • iU .-■ ■ Fig. 499. or the spikes m the tie is shown in Fig. 499. Ties spiked in this fashion can not 1(I4G TRACK WORK. become skewed, and the track, in consequence, thrown outof gauge. In spiking, the tie must be held firmly against the baseof the rail. If from any cause the rail does not lie directly Fig. 500. upon t
. The elements of railroad engineering . middle of the tie, especially in severe freez-ing weather, as they are liable to split it, but at n * from 24 to 3 inches fromthe outside of the tie,where the wood is sure tobe sound and the grain lessopen The proper arrangement c i-u -1 • iU .-■ ■ Fig. 499. or the spikes m the tie is shown in Fig. 499. Ties spiked in this fashion can not 1(I4G TRACK WORK. become skewed, and the track, in consequence, thrown outof gauge. In spiking, the tie must be held firmly against the baseof the rail. If from any cause the rail does not lie directly Fig. 500. upon the tie, the tie must be held against the rail with anipping bar, shown in Fig. 500. The ends of the ties should be spaced at a uniform distancefrom the rail, both for the sake of appearance and to giveto the rail a uniform foundation. A gauge made of hardwood and meeting this requirement is shown at A and B inFig. 501. The spiker first places the gauge upon the tie with itshead close against the end of the tie, as shown at A. The. base of the rail is then brought against the end of the gaugeand the inside spike started. The gauge is then removedand the outer spike started, and both driven home. Theother rail being spiked to a proper gauge will make the railsequidistant from the ends of the ties. The gauging of theties is too often done by guesswork, as is evinced by aragged line. 1 I »{. Spiiiinjj Bridge Ties.— Holes should be boredin bridge ties to receive the spikes instead of driving the TRACK WORK. 1047 spikes directly into the tie. As bridge ties are sawed, theyare often cross-grained and liable to split unless holes arebored for the spikes. The diameter of the spike holes shouldbe about j^j inch less than the diameter of the spike, so that,in driving, the hole will be completely filled with the fiber ofthe wood. 1614. Pulling Spikes.—When a spike is to be drawnfrom a tie in frosty weather, or from an oak tie at any timeof year, it should always be given a light
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectrailroadengineering
