. Zoology. Zoology. 164 ZOOLOGY. laid in shallow holes made in the gravel of streams. The extreme young is banded and called parr; when about a year old, and of a bright silvery color, before descending the rivers to the sea, it is called a smolf; after its return from the sea into fresh water it goes by the name of grilse; and finally, after returning a second time from the sea, it assumes its name of salmon. The trout {Sahno fontinalis) also breeds in the autumn and early winter; it is not mi- gratory, living permanently in streams and ponds. An allied family embraces the smelt (Fig. 207). T
. Zoology. Zoology. 164 ZOOLOGY. laid in shallow holes made in the gravel of streams. The extreme young is banded and called parr; when about a year old, and of a bright silvery color, before descending the rivers to the sea, it is called a smolf; after its return from the sea into fresh water it goes by the name of grilse; and finally, after returning a second time from the sea, it assumes its name of salmon. The trout {Sahno fontinalis) also breeds in the autumn and early winter; it is not mi- gratory, living permanently in streams and ponds. An allied family embraces the smelt (Fig. 207). The capelin [Mallotus viUosus) is valuable as bait in the cod fishery. It spawns in the summer. The males are distin-. FiG. 207.^rhe Smelt, Osmerus mordax", one half natural size. guished by a prominent lateral ridge along the sides of the body, and are more numerous than the females. Tlie carps {Oypriinis), shiners, and minnows abound everywhere in the Northern States in ponds and weedy The breeding habits of the dace {SliinicJithys atronasus) are interesting. The females spawn over " nests" or shallow depressions two feet in diameter in running brooks about a foot deep; the male passes over the eggs fer- tilizing them; then the pair bring small pebbles which are dropped over the eggs, until layer after layer alternately of eggs and pebbles are deposited, when a heap is formed, the young hatching out and remaining among the pebbles until old enough to venture out into the stream. The dace is closely allied to the chub {Scmotilus rJtoiheus, Fig. 209).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Packard, A. S. (Alpheus Spring), 1839-1905. N. Y. , Holt
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