Atlas and text-book of topographic and applied anatomy . Tab. 8- N. sympathicus hemiazygos\a. intercostales cava N. phrenicus eparterialis . pulm. dex. Bronchi hyparterialesVv. pulmonales dex. Diaphragma THE MEDIASTINUM. I05 Our chief interest in the mediastinum is naturally directed toward the heart, the methodicalexamination of which in the living by percussion and auscultation is one of the most brilliantand permanent results of the medical art. The study of the position of the heart should be preceded by a thorough study of the structureof the organ. The
Atlas and text-book of topographic and applied anatomy . Tab. 8- N. sympathicus hemiazygos\a. intercostales cava N. phrenicus eparterialis . pulm. dex. Bronchi hyparterialesVv. pulmonales dex. Diaphragma THE MEDIASTINUM. I05 Our chief interest in the mediastinum is naturally directed toward the heart, the methodicalexamination of which in the living by percussion and auscultation is one of the most brilliantand permanent results of the medical art. The study of the position of the heart should be preceded by a thorough study of the structureof the organ. The Position of the Heart.—For our purpose I will designate as the cardiac axis a linedrawn from the apex of the heart to the root of the aorta. Take an ordinary pointed lead-pen-cil in the hand and assume that it represents the cardiac axis. Hold this axis vertically over Right pleural cavity Superior lobe of left. Fig. 4q.—A view of the d< face of a frontal section of the thorax. the middle of the sternum with the apex downward, under the supposition that the right (venous)heart is in the right half and the left (arterial) heart is in the left half of the body, and that theintermediate septum is exactly in the median line. Now consider the four following points andcarry out the movements of the axis with the lead-pencil. 1. The axis is not placed vertically, but obliquely, so that the apex (point of lead-pencil)is directed to the left and the base (blunt end of lead-pencil) to the right. 2. The axis, and consequently the entire heart, is pushed to the left, so that the medianplane of the body does not correspond to the median plane of the heart, but passes through this 106 TOPOGRAPHIC AND APPLIED ANATOMY. PLATE 9. An anterior view of the heart; the parietal pericardium has been incised and reflected. (Formalin preparation.) organ in such a manner that two-thirds of the heart are upon the l
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