. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. 88 Comparative Animal Physiology Blood chloride appears to be more labile than tissue chloride in crustaceans. When gammarids (fresh-water, brackish, and marine species) were trans- ferred to media of different tonicities, the blood chloride changed more than the muscle chloride did (Fig. 25). Eriocheir, which is marine-like in excreting a small volume of near-isotonic urine, has a blood-to-tissue Cl~ ratio of 280:43, whereas in Astacus, which excretes copious dilute urine, the blood-to-tissue CI" ratio is
. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. 88 Comparative Animal Physiology Blood chloride appears to be more labile than tissue chloride in crustaceans. When gammarids (fresh-water, brackish, and marine species) were trans- ferred to media of different tonicities, the blood chloride changed more than the muscle chloride did (Fig. 25). Eriocheir, which is marine-like in excreting a small volume of near-isotonic urine, has a blood-to-tissue Cl~ ratio of 280:43, whereas in Astacus, which excretes copious dilute urine, the blood-to-tissue CI" ratio is 189:378. The ions of Eriocheir and Astacus bloods change dis- proportionately in different media. ^^ In Mytilus, on the other hand, the blood chloride changes in proportion to the sea water chloride, but changes in muscle chloride are greater. ''** Changes in blood and tissue chloride occur rapidly in Mytilus, and the animals die if their chloride content is severely depleted. ^^ B lood. 200- . / ^ Tissue CI 100 200 300 400 500 600 EQUIVALENT mM No CI Fig. 25. Blood osmotic pressure (), blood chloride (CI) as mM NaCl/1., and tissue chloride (CI) as mM NaCl/kg. wet wt. in Gammarus dueheni (brackish), G. ohtusatus (marine), and G. pulex (fresh-water) in dilutions of sea water corresponding to the concentrations of NaCl given on the abscissa. From Beadle and Cragg.*" When mosquito larvae (Aedes detritus) are in different dilutions of sea water, both total osmotic concentration and chloride concentration are well regulated, but they show progressive changes with external concentration, os- motic concentration and chloride content changing disproportionately. Larvae of Aedes aegypti regulate CI" well in dilute but not in hvpertonic media (Fig. 26). The effects of disproportionate changes in particular elements also indicate selective ionic regulation. Those animals with some ions present in nearly the same concentration as in sea water change their concentration o
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