. Preventive medicine and hygiene. mparatively recent episode inthe worlds history. In 1859, Henri Dunant, a Swiss tourist, appalled THE EED CROSS 1219 by the neglect of the wounded on the battlefield of Solferino, wrote atract which he called Souvenir de Solferino. This tract made such animpression on the minds of the rulers in Europe that he managed toget the powers to send delegates to a conference in Geneva, in October,1863, to discuss methods of relieving the wounded and the sick in outcome of the conference was a treaty signed by fourteen nations,known as the Geneva Convention, o
. Preventive medicine and hygiene. mparatively recent episode inthe worlds history. In 1859, Henri Dunant, a Swiss tourist, appalled THE EED CROSS 1219 by the neglect of the wounded on the battlefield of Solferino, wrote atract which he called Souvenir de Solferino. This tract made such animpression on the minds of the rulers in Europe that he managed toget the powers to send delegates to a conference in Geneva, in October,1863, to discuss methods of relieving the wounded and the sick in outcome of the conference was a treaty signed by fourteen nations,known as the Geneva Convention, or the Eed Cross Treaty. It providedthat each government extend its sanction, authority, and protection tovolunteer relief organizations in time of war; that the privileges of neu-trality be extended by all belligerents to the ambulances, hospitals, doc-tors, nurses, and all persons attached to the medical relief corps of thearmy: and, finally, that the Eed Cross should be the universal insigniaof volunteers in care of the Diagram Showing Organization of The American Red Cross Fig. 176. The movement to adopt the Treaty gathered force slowly in thiscountry. In 1877, a few patriotic and benevolent citizens appointedthemselves a committee to further the interests of the Eed Cross. In1881, after much hard work, they gained sufficient momentum to incor-porate under the laws of the District of Columbia, calling themselvesThe American Association of the Eed Cross. In 1882, the UnitedStates signed the treaty known as the Geneva Convention Treaty, but thequestion did not become one of national concern until 1900. In 1905,all previous charters were repealed, and the Eed Cross was reorganized 1220 MILITARY HYGIENE by Act of Congress into the American Red Cross, and designated theofficial relief organization of the United States of America. The Presi-dent of the United States is the President of the American Red ;the Arm}^ and Xav}^ are represented upon its board and depend
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