A manual of practical hygiene for students, physicians, and health officers . 9. - Zeitschrift fiir Hygiene uud lufectiouskrauklieiten, XVII., 1S94, p. 272. 108 FOODS. ally reiiuced by the use of covered milk pails, that is to say/ of pailsprovided with a cover iu wliich is an oriiice sutliciently large to receivethe jets of milk directed by an ordinarily skilful milker. Such a pail,of which there are a number of types, is shown in Fig. 1. The reduction of the opening of an ordinary pail to a small propor-tion of its entire area insures a corresponding reduction in the numberof bacteria-laden
A manual of practical hygiene for students, physicians, and health officers . 9. - Zeitschrift fiir Hygiene uud lufectiouskrauklieiten, XVII., 1S94, p. 272. 108 FOODS. ally reiiuced by the use of covered milk pails, that is to say/ of pailsprovided with a cover iu wliich is an oriiice sutliciently large to receivethe jets of milk directed by an ordinarily skilful milker. Such a pail,of which there are a number of types, is shown in Fig. 1. The reduction of the opening of an ordinary pail to a small propor-tion of its entire area insures a corresponding reduction in the numberof bacteria-laden particles of dust, manure, and hairs which fall into themilk while it is being drawn. In one series of 8 milkings into anordinary pail and into one of the type shown in Fig. 1, Stockingdemonstrated a diiference of 85 per cent, in the number of bacteria infavor of the covered pail, and in other series, the cows being less clean,the difference was even greater, the milk in the covered pail yieldingrespectively one-twentieth and one thirty-third as many as that of the Fig. StadtmuUer covered pail. open pail; that is to say, the dirtier the cow, the greater the advantageof the covered pail. Stocking found the covered pail to be of great advantage in anystable in excluding dirt and bacteria from milk, the relative advan-tage gained depending upon the sanitary condition of the desirability of a strainer on the covered pail depends upon thestyle of the straining device, for the dirt which falls into the openingmay be driven through the strainer by the succeeding jets of milk,unless absorbent cotton in sufficient thickness is employed for For the purpose of excluding the bacteria of the air of the stableand the dirt from the exterior of the cow and from the hands and personof the milker, a number of types of milking machines have been de- 1 Storrs, Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 48, May, 1907. MILK. 101) viw^d ; but on acconni of Ui<^ pnictical
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