. Vegetation of Oregon and Washington. Botany Oregon Ecology; Botany Washington (State) Ecology. occidentalism F. subulata, Poa scabrella, Sitani- on jubatum, and Stipa lemmonii. Habeck (1961) suggests a large number of forbs were probably also present on the native prairies. There are very few descriptive data even for existing valley grasslands, and these are all confined to the vicinity of Corvallis in the Willamette valley (Livingston 1953; Turner 1969; Valassis 1955; Owen 1953), although the general patterns probably have much wider relevance. Typical constituent species are (introduced s
. Vegetation of Oregon and Washington. Botany Oregon Ecology; Botany Washington (State) Ecology. occidentalism F. subulata, Poa scabrella, Sitani- on jubatum, and Stipa lemmonii. Habeck (1961) suggests a large number of forbs were probably also present on the native prairies. There are very few descriptive data even for existing valley grasslands, and these are all confined to the vicinity of Corvallis in the Willamette valley (Livingston 1953; Turner 1969; Valassis 1955; Owen 1953), although the general patterns probably have much wider relevance. Typical constituent species are (introduced species are indicated by an asterisk): Perennial Grasses — Danthonia californica, Festuca rubra, F. elatior var. arundi- nacea*, Agrostis hallii, A. tenuis, Poa pratensis*, P. compressa*, Elymus glau- cus, Danthonia intermedia, Holcus la- natus*, Stipa columbiana, Sitanion hystrix, Carex spp., Lolium perenne*, Dactylis glomerata, Koeleria cristata, and Arrhenatherum elatius*. Annual Grasses — Bromus rigidus*, B. commutatus*, B. mollis*, Elymus caput-medusae*, Cynosurus echinatus*, Festuca dertonensis*, F. myuros*, Auena fatua*, Aira caryophyllea*, Briza minor*, and Gastridium ventricosum*. Forbs - Torilis nodosa*, Daucus carota*, Ranunculus occidentalis, Lactuca serri- ola*, Sherardia arvensis*, Vicia ameri- cana, V. tetrasperma*, Erodium cicutar- ium*, Hypericum perforatum*, Taraxa- cum officinale*, Fragaria chiloensis, Plantago lanceolata*, Galium diuarica- tum*, Veronica peregrina, Lathyrus sphaericus*, Eriophyllum lanatum, Hypochaeris radicata*, Achillea mille- folium var. lanulosa, Sanicula bipinnati- fida. There is obviously a very high proportion of introduced species in the existing commu- nities; they include all the annual grass domi- nants. One of these, Elymus caput-medusae, is an extremely undesirable species which domi- nates many stands (Turner et al. 1963; Turner 1969). Turner (1969) was the only investigator who examined community composition on several site
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