. Bulletin. Science. Figure 19.—Callaud's version of theDaniell cell. From R. Wormell, Electricity in the Service of Man, London and New York, 1886, p. 401. (^>. V Figure 20.—Shape of the electrodes in a Grove cell. After G. B. Prescott, History, Theory, and Practice of the Electric Telegraph, Boston, i860, P- 29, fig. 9. Despite its strong fumes, the Bunsen cell was widely used. The Daniell and Grove cells avoided polarization by the use of two solutions. Other nonpolarizing cells using only a single solution also were invented. Alfred Smee '* made such a single-solution cell by placing a
. Bulletin. Science. Figure 19.—Callaud's version of theDaniell cell. From R. Wormell, Electricity in the Service of Man, London and New York, 1886, p. 401. (^>. V Figure 20.—Shape of the electrodes in a Grove cell. After G. B. Prescott, History, Theory, and Practice of the Electric Telegraph, Boston, i860, P- 29, fig. 9. Despite its strong fumes, the Bunsen cell was widely used. The Daniell and Grove cells avoided polarization by the use of two solutions. Other nonpolarizing cells using only a single solution also were invented. Alfred Smee '* made such a single-solution cell by placing a pair of amalgamated zinc plates in dilute sulfuric acid with a platinum (later silver) plate covered with finely divided platinum (figs. 23, 24). While the voltage of Smee's cell was only about half a volt, it had the advantage of a low cost of mainte- nance and could be used for open-circuit work where there was a very light drainage of current. Bunsen in 1841^" and R. Warrington in 1842 215 invented one-solution cells that eliminated polarization by using zinc and carbon electrodes in a bichromate and sulfuric acid solution (fig. 25). About the same time J. C. Poggendorff tried a chromic acid cell in his laboratory.^^ The Poggendorff cell gave about two volts, and its low internal resistance enabled it to give high currents for a short period of time. The cell recovered its low resistance on open circuit. Grenet, a Frenchman, devised a bottle version of the chromic acid cell that was widely used in the 1860's (fig. 26). This is the cell that one sees in so many of the physics textbooks of the second half of the 19th century. After midcentury, when electricity was beginning to pass from the laboratory stage to that of industrial application, more rugged versions of the voltaic cell appeared. The development of a storage battery began in 1859 when Gaston Plante decided to compare the polarization resulting from solid films on electrodes of various metals.^^ With his di
Size: 1554px × 1608px
Photo credit: © Library Book Collection / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookauthorunitedstatesdepto, bookcentury1900, booksubjectscience
