. An introduction to the study of mammals living and extinct. Mammals. CHIROPTERA absent, and the caudate is generally very large; but in the Micro- chiroptera, on the other hand, the Spigelian lobe is very large, while the caudate is small, in most species forming a ridge only. The gall-bladder is generally well developed and attached to the right central lobe, except in the RUnolopUdce, where it is connected with the left central. In most species the hyoids are simple, consisting of a chain of slender, elongated, cylindrical bones connecting the small basi-hyoid with the cranium, while the p
. An introduction to the study of mammals living and extinct. Mammals. CHIROPTERA absent, and the caudate is generally very large; but in the Micro- chiroptera, on the other hand, the Spigelian lobe is very large, while the caudate is small, in most species forming a ridge only. The gall-bladder is generally well developed and attached to the right central lobe, except in the RUnolopUdce, where it is connected with the left central. In most species the hyoids are simple, consisting of a chain of slender, elongated, cylindrical bones connecting the small basi-hyoid with the cranium, while the pharynx is short, the larynx shallow with feebly de- \ veloped vocal cords, and guarded by a short, acutely- pointed epiglot- tis, which in some genera {Harpyin, Vam- pyrus) is almost obsolete. In Epomophorus, however, we find a remark- able departure from the general type. Thus the pharynx is long and very capacious; the Fig. 299.—Head and neck of Epomo^lwriis franqtieti (adult male, aperture 01 tne natural size). The anterior () and posterior () pharyngeal larvnx is far re- sacs are opened from without, the dotted lines indicating the points i r where they communicate with the pharynx; s, thin membranous septum oveu lioili in middle line between the anterior pharyngeal sacs of opposite sides ; the laUCeS, and, , sterno-mastoid muscle separating the anterior from the posterior oDDOsite tO it sac. (Dobson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881.) "" .' opens a canal, leading from the narial chambers, and extending along the back of the pharynx; the laryngeal cavity is spacious and its walls are ossified ; the hyoid bone is quite unconnected, except by muscle, with the cranium; the ceratohyals and epihyals are cartilaginous and greatly expanded, entering into the formation of the walls of the pharynx, and in the males of three species at least, supporting the orifices of a large pair of air-sacs communicating with the pharynx (Fig. 299). In extent, peculiar modificat
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Keywords: ., bookauthorly, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectmammals
