. The effects of inanition and malnutrition upon growth and structure. Starvation; Nutrition. EFFECTS ON THE LIVER 337 in the gland cells, rarely in the endothelium, but these also occurred in normal cats. Beeli estimated that the (endothelial?) nuclei showed an average loss of 50 per cent in volume, and gave a table showing the statistical distribution of nuclear diameters at various stages of inanition. Mottram ('07, '09, '09a) found in short fasting periods, usually 1-2 days, a marked increase of microscopically visible hepatic fat in 17 rabbits and 15 guinea pigs; and a very doubtful incre
. The effects of inanition and malnutrition upon growth and structure. Starvation; Nutrition. EFFECTS ON THE LIVER 337 in the gland cells, rarely in the endothelium, but these also occurred in normal cats. Beeli estimated that the (endothelial?) nuclei showed an average loss of 50 per cent in volume, and gave a table showing the statistical distribution of nuclear diameters at various stages of inanition. Mottram ('07, '09, '09a) found in short fasting periods, usually 1-2 days, a marked increase of microscopically visible hepatic fat in 17 rabbits and 15 guinea pigs; and a very doubtful increase in 3 hedgehogs, 2 pigeons and 18 rats. In several normal controls, only one showed a large amount of fat. Chemical evidence confirms the microscopic appearance, and the increased fat is con- sidered due to infiltration of mobilized depot-fat. The hepatic glycogen (rab- bit) is almost entirely removed in one day of fasting. Boehm ('08) described the liver-cell changes in white rats on various diets and fasting on water only (time not stated) and also measured the diameters of cells and nuclei, obtaining the averages (in micra) shown in the accompanying table. Average Dimensions (Micra) of the Liver-cells in White Rats on Various Diets (Boehm '08) Diet Albumose. Fat Albumin. Asparagin Starvation Cell Cell length breadth 3i-5 24-3 24-5 24. 2 17-5 152 Nuclear - . I diameter \ ,. It is evident that in Boehm's experiments the total hepatic cell volume was least in starvation, but not the nuclear volume. Cesa-Bianchi ('09) discovered that in the atrophic liver (and kidney) of the fasting white mouse, the cell changes in the earlier stages correspond to those produced by hypotonic or hypertonic salt solutions; while the later changes correspond to those produced by aseptic autolysis. The nuclear changes come late, when all the available food material has been consumed, and true cell- hunger supervenes. The changes progress from hyperchromato
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