. Elementary text-book of zoology. 3i8 CHORD AT A. column till it terminates in the caudal. It gives off a median cceliac to the stomach, a superior mesenteric to the spleen, pancreas and intestine, paired renals to the kidneys and paired iliacs to the pelvic fins. These arteries are fully exposed by removal of the coracoid bar and, if necessary, the pubic bar. We may note some special features of the blood-vascular system of the skate which are also typical of the class. The blood-vascular system can be divided into the arterial and the venous system as in all Verteirata, but the venous syste
. Elementary text-book of zoology. 3i8 CHORD AT A. column till it terminates in the caudal. It gives off a median cceliac to the stomach, a superior mesenteric to the spleen, pancreas and intestine, paired renals to the kidneys and paired iliacs to the pelvic fins. These arteries are fully exposed by removal of the coracoid bar and, if necessary, the pubic bar. We may note some special features of the blood-vascular system of the skate which are also typical of the class. The blood-vascular system can be divided into the arterial and the venous system as in all Verteirata, but the venous system Fig 228.—Diagram of the Venous System of a Skate. Hepatic Sinus. Renal Portal. Pelvic. Caudal. is chiefly composed of wide sinuses (also a common condi- tion of invertebrates). The arterial system has two distinct parts separated by the capillaries of the gills. The ventral or afferent branchial system carries venous Wodd. forwards \a the gills; the dorsal or efferent branchial system carries blood mostly backwards to the system. In the venous system the capillaries of the liver and those of the kidney both break up the continuity of the sinuses, forming a hepatic-portal and renal-portal system Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Masterman, Arthur Thomas. Edinburgh, E. & S. Livingstone
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