. The origin and evolution of life, on the theory of action, reaction and interaction of energy. ops. EVOLUTION OF THE AMPHIBIANS 183 The Age of Amphibians passes its cHmax in Permian time(Fig 63.). In Triassic time there still survive the giant terres-trial forms. Evidences of extensive intercontinental connections in thenorthern hemisphere are also found in the similarity of typebetween the great terrestrial amphibians of such widely sepa-rated areas as Texas and Wiirtemberg, which develop into simi-lar resemblances between the great labyrinthodont amphibiansof Lower Triassic times of Europe
. The origin and evolution of life, on the theory of action, reaction and interaction of energy. ops. EVOLUTION OF THE AMPHIBIANS 183 The Age of Amphibians passes its cHmax in Permian time(Fig 63.). In Triassic time there still survive the giant terres-trial forms. Evidences of extensive intercontinental connections in thenorthern hemisphere are also found in the similarity of typebetween the great terrestrial amphibians of such widely sepa-rated areas as Texas and Wiirtemberg, which develop into simi-lar resemblances between the great labyrinthodont amphibiansof Lower Triassic times of Europe, North America, and to these Triassic giants is the large, sluggish, water-and shore-living Eryops of the Texas Permian, with massivehead, depending on its short, powerful limbs and broad, spread-ing feet for land propulsion, and in a less degree upon its tail forpropulsion in the water. This animal may be regarded as acollateral ancestor of the labyrinthodonts; it belongs to a typewhich spread all over Europe and North America and persistedinto the Mdopias of the Fig. 64. Skeleton of Eryops from the Permo-Carboniferous of type of the stegocephalian Amphibia which were structurally ancestral to the Laby-rinthodonts of the Triassic. Mounted in the Amerjcan Museum of Natural History. CHAPTER VIIFORM EVOLUTION OF THE REPTILES AND BIRDS Appearance of earliest reptile-like forms, the pro-Reptilia, followed by the firsthigher reptiles. Geologic distribution and environment of the variousextinct and existing orders of reptilia. Evolutionary laws exemplified inthe origin and development of this great group of animal life. Direct,reversed, alternate, and convergent adaptation. Modes of offense anddefense. Terrestrial, fossorial, aquatic, and marine radiation. Aerialadaptation. The Pterosaurs. First appearance of bird-like regarding the evolution of flight in birds. Theories as to thecauses of arrested evolution. The environment of th
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