. Bulletin. Science. Figure 58.âReproductions of Gray's telephone transmitter and receiver of 1876. (USNM J08211, 308312; Smithsonian photo 17204.) of acidulated water so that when sound entered the cylinder, its diaphragm vibrated and moved the wire attached to it up and down in the liquid. If the liquid and the wire were made part of an electrical circuit with a battery and a Gray receiver, the varying liquid- wire contact would modulate the current produced by the battery, and the receiver would reproduce this modulation in the form of sound. In January 1876 Gray went to Washington to paten
. Bulletin. Science. Figure 58.âReproductions of Gray's telephone transmitter and receiver of 1876. (USNM J08211, 308312; Smithsonian photo 17204.) of acidulated water so that when sound entered the cylinder, its diaphragm vibrated and moved the wire attached to it up and down in the liquid. If the liquid and the wire were made part of an electrical circuit with a battery and a Gray receiver, the varying liquid- wire contact would modulate the current produced by the battery, and the receiver would reproduce this modulation in the form of sound. In January 1876 Gray went to Washington to patent some further improvements on his harmonic telegraph and while there drew up a caveat for his method of transmitting and reproducing speech (fig. 58). This caveat was filed on February 14, 1876.« Gray did not test one of his liquid transmitters until he attended the Philadelphia Centennial Ex- position in July 1876 as one of the judges of the electrical exhibits. He had a transmitter made and â " George B. Prescott, The Speaking Telephone, Talking Phono- graph and Other Novelties, New York, 1878, pp. 202-205. demonstrated it to some of his friends who were in attendance at the exposition. On the same day that Gray applied for a caveat on the transmission of speech, another inventor applied for a patent on an invention having the same purpose. This other invention received patent 174465, a number which came to represent one of the most valuable patents ever issued. The man who applied for and received this patent was Alexander Graham Bell. Bell, born in Scotland in 1847, had emigrated to Canada with his parents. He had followed in his family's tradition of studying human speech and acoustics, and before he left Edinburgh in 1870 he had begun the study of Helmholtz's Die Lehre der Tonempfindungen. Sometime between 1867 and 1870 further study of the apparatus described in this workâin particular of the tuning forks that were driven by an electromagnetâsuggested t
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