. Insect and disease conditions in the United States, 1979-83 : what else is growing in our forests?. Forest insects United States; Trees Diseases and pests United States; Plants Disease and pest resistance. Gypsy Moth Esthetics. Defoliated vistas and forests look unsightly. What impact, if any, defoliation has on the tourist industry in affected recreation areas is difficult to assess; however, defoliation and mortality can be so unappealing that the number of visitors often declines substantially. In residential areas, heavy defoliation reduces the cooling and humidifying effects of shade tr
. Insect and disease conditions in the United States, 1979-83 : what else is growing in our forests?. Forest insects United States; Trees Diseases and pests United States; Plants Disease and pest resistance. Gypsy Moth Esthetics. Defoliated vistas and forests look unsightly. What impact, if any, defoliation has on the tourist industry in affected recreation areas is difficult to assess; however, defoliation and mortality can be so unappealing that the number of visitors often declines substantially. In residential areas, heavy defoliation reduces the cooling and humidifying effects of shade trees. When tree mortality occurs, property value may fall, and homeowners may have to pay ex- pensive tree removal and replace- ment costs. Nuisance. The gypsy moth often becomes a nuisance when larvae migrate from defoliated trees in search of additional food or protected pupation sites. Lar- vae invade houses, garages, and sheds or accumulate in large numbers under eaves, porches, or window sills. Homeowners often spend considerable time and money cleaning pupal cases and egg masses from exterior sur- faces. Damaged exterior surfaces may require repainting. And peo- ple sensitive to the hairs of the larvae may require medical treat- ment to reduce allergic reactions. Status From 1979 to 1983 The most recent outbreak peaked in 1981 when a record million acres ( million ha) was defoliated (figs. 6 and 7 and table 2J. This level of defolia- tion was completely without precedent. Weather may have been a fac- tor affecting defoliation over the 5-year period. Apparently, weather may have a greater im- pact on gypsy moth populations over large geographic areas than any of the biological agents. Ex- tremely cold winter weather or periods of thawing and freezing in midwinter may result in exten- sive egg mortality. Cold, rainy weather in the spring may stress the young larvae and encourage the development of disease. Prevention/Suppression Federal and State agencies are Figure
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