. Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map . issuperior to it. Its length (like Nishapur) is a farsakh and a half,and its buildings are of clay, although plaster and brick are alsoemployed in it. The city has several famous gates; among themis the Gate of Tak, which leads out toward Jabal and Arak; theGate of Balisan, which leads to Kazvin; the Gate of Kuhkin, towardTabaristau; the Gate of Hasham, toward Kumis and Khorasan;and the Gate of Sin, toward Kum. The chief market-places, orbazaars, are Ruzat, Balisan, Dahak-i Nu, Nasara
. Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map . issuperior to it. Its length (like Nishapur) is a farsakh and a half,and its buildings are of clay, although plaster and brick are alsoemployed in it. The city has several famous gates; among themis the Gate of Tak, which leads out toward Jabal and Arak; theGate of Balisan, which leads to Kazvin; the Gate of Kuhkin, towardTabaristau; the Gate of Hasham, toward Kumis and Khorasan;and the Gate of Sin, toward Kum. The chief market-places, orbazaars, are Ruzat, Balisan, Dahak-i Nu, Nasarabad, Sarbanan, andthe Bab-i Jabal, Bab-i Hasham, and Bab-i Sin. The most importantof these is Ruzat, which does the principal business and has the 1 For the passages, see my Zoroas- edited by Jivanji Jamshedji Modi. Iter, pp. 202-205. do not agree with Rawlinsons view 2 See Clavijo, Narrative of an Em- that the ruins at Veramin representhassy, Hakluyt Society, 26. 99; cf. ancient Ragha. also Curzon, Persia, 1. 349. * Or does it mean a network of 8 See Spiegel Memorial Volume, buildings ? See p. 342, n. ARABIC DESCRIPTIONS OF REI 431 largest caravansarais; it is a broad street with lattice-work caravan-sarais and buildings.^ The citadel is in one quarter of the city andin it there is a mosque. Most of the city is in ruins, and the palaceis in the rampart.^ The water comes from wells, and there arewater-conduits (kandts). One of the two streams for drinking-waterin the city is named Surakani, and it flows toward the Ruzatquarter; the other is named Jilani (or Gilani), flowing toward theSarbanan quarter. These streams furnish the drinking-supply,but as there are many canals (kandts), the people distribute overtheir farms the water that is not needed for drinking coins that are current in the city are the dirham and the inhabitants resemble the people of Arak in appearance andare of refined manners. They are chiefly occupied with trade andcommerce. ^ The
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