A text-book of grasses with especial reference to the economic species of the United States . the chaff). 264. Spelt and emmer areconsidered by some as varie-ties of wheat, by others asdistinct species, the first beingT. spelta, the second T. dicoc-cum (Fig. 59). They differfrom wheat in having an artic-ulated rachis, and grains pr^r-manently inclosed in theglumes and lemmas. Whenthreshed, the spike breaks upinto the intemodes of therachis, each with a spikeletattached. In wheat, thethreshing process removes thegrains from the spikelets andleaves the rachis entire. Thehead or spike of emmer is
A text-book of grasses with especial reference to the economic species of the United States . the chaff). 264. Spelt and emmer areconsidered by some as varie-ties of wheat, by others asdistinct species, the first beingT. spelta, the second T. dicoc-cum (Fig. 59). They differfrom wheat in having an artic-ulated rachis, and grains pr^r-manently inclosed in theglumes and lemmas. Whenthreshed, the spike breaks upinto the intemodes of therachis, each with a spikeletattached. In wheat, thethreshing process removes thegrains from the spikelets andleaves the rachis entire. Thehead or spike of emmer iscompact, resembling that ofbearded wheat. The spike ofspelt is more slender and loose. Emmer has been intro-duced into cultivation in recent years as a dry-land pro-duct in the Great Plains region, the grain being used inthe same manner as barley for feeding stock. The statisticsfor this crop are given in the census report under emmerand spelt. Since the amount of spelt cultivated isinsignificant, the figures apply mostly to emmer. Theproduction of this crop is given in Table XI (Par. 9).. Fig. 59. Triticum dicoccum. In-florescence (head), X 3^2. spikeletwith a disarticulated joint of therachis, X2. 240 A TEXT-BOOK OF GRASSES 265. Origin of wheat.—None of the cultivated wheatsis now found growing spontaneously, that is, as a nativeplant. Various theories have been advanced as to theirorigin. Some botanists have supposed them to be derivedfrom wild species now extinct or possibly existing in unex-plored regions. Others have thought them to be thegreatly changed descendants from common wild speciessuch as Triticum ovatum Rasp. {lEgilops ovata L.). (SeeFabre, Journ. Roy. Agr. Soc. 15: 167. 1854.) Schulz hasrecently suggested the probable origin of the cultivatedforms. He considers the cultivated wheats to be culture-form groups rather than species, subspecies or he recognizCvS the following: T. mono-coccum, T. spelta, T. dicoccum, T. vulgare, T. compactum,
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