. 2 cm (fromGoode 1884) Common Name: hard clam Scientific Name: Mercenaria species Other Common Names: Quahog, hard-shelled clam, littleneck, cherrystone clam, chowder clam (Stanley 1985); praire du stvd(French), almeja cfe/si/r(Spanish) (Fischer 1978). Mercenaria mercenaria is known as northern quahog, and M. campechiensis as southern quahog (Turgeon etal. 1988). Andrews (1979) refers to M. campechiensis as southern quahog, and subspe- cies M. campechiensis texana as Texas quahog. Classification (Turgeon et al. 1988) Phylum: Mollusca Class: Bivalvia Order: Veneroida Family: Veneridae Value Co
. 2 cm (fromGoode 1884) Common Name: hard clam Scientific Name: Mercenaria species Other Common Names: Quahog, hard-shelled clam, littleneck, cherrystone clam, chowder clam (Stanley 1985); praire du stvd(French), almeja cfe/si/r(Spanish) (Fischer 1978). Mercenaria mercenaria is known as northern quahog, and M. campechiensis as southern quahog (Turgeon etal. 1988). Andrews (1979) refers to M. campechiensis as southern quahog, and subspe- cies M. campechiensis texana as Texas quahog. Classification (Turgeon et al. 1988) Phylum: Mollusca Class: Bivalvia Order: Veneroida Family: Veneridae Value Commercial: Although hard clams support a significant commercial fishery in the United States as a whole, the gulf coast of Florida supports only a very limited hard clam fishery (Schroeder 1924, Taylor and Saloman 1969). There was a substantial fishery in Florida's Ten Thousand Islands until the 1930's, and clams were taken to Key Westforcanning (Schroeder 1924, Marelli pers. comm.). During 1992, metric tons (mt) of hard clam meat valued at $64,000 was landed on Florida's Gulf coast (Newlin 1993). No landings are reported for other Gulf coast states. The season for clams harvested in Florida is regulated, and harvest is restricted to approved shellfish areas (GSMFC 1993). Dredges can be used for harvest on private leases after posting a $3000 bond and securing a Special Activity License. The minimum allowable harvest size for clams is 7/8 inch ( cm). In Texas, a commercial mussel and clam fisherman's license is required to commercially harvest hard clams (TPWD 1993). Har- vest is open year-round, but only from water approved by the State Commissioner of Health. The traditional and most popular method of harvesting hard clams has been by rakes or tongs (Eversole 1987). In North Carolina, they are harvested by "kicking" which uses the wash from a boat propeller to dislodge clams from the substrate. An otter trawl is towed behind the boat to collect the clams. Re
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