. Electric railway journal . lly increase itselastic limit and which does not develop other inherentbad qualities, will unquestionably increase the life ofsuch an axle. Such an improvement can be broughtabout through the medium of quenching and temper-ing the axles. The process of heat treatment can beso conducted as to increase very materially the elasticlimit of the steel without decreasing the toughness, orbetter still, it can be so conducted as to increase boththe strength and the toughness. A comparison of thephysical properties of a normal steel axle with aquenched and tempered steel axl
. Electric railway journal . lly increase itselastic limit and which does not develop other inherentbad qualities, will unquestionably increase the life ofsuch an axle. Such an improvement can be broughtabout through the medium of quenching and temper-ing the axles. The process of heat treatment can beso conducted as to increase very materially the elasticlimit of the steel without decreasing the toughness, orbetter still, it can be so conducted as to increase boththe strength and the toughness. A comparison of thephysical properties of a normal steel axle with aquenched and tempered steel axle will show the extentof this improvement. In addition to an increase in the strength and tough-ness, proper annealing will develop a closer and denser QuenchedNormal and TemperedSteel Axle Steel Axle Ultimate tensile strength per square inch 75,000 1b. 97,500 1b. Yield point or elastic limit per square inch 35,000 1b. 60,500 1b. Elongation in 2 in 18 per cent 23 percent Reduction of area 24 per cent per cent TimeFig. 3.
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