. Botany, an elementary text for schools. Botany. 146 PAETICULAK FORMS OF FLOWERS mens? Describe a mallow flower. Orchid flower. Spathaceous flower. Compositous flower. What do you understand by the terms hypo- gynous, perigynous, epigynous? How do flowers become double? What is meant by doubling in compositous flowers? In snowball and hydrangea? Note.—The flowers of grasses are too difiicult for the beginner, but if the pupil wishes to understand them he may begin with wheat or rye. The "head" or spike of wheat is made up of flowers and bracts. The flowers are in little clusters or
. Botany, an elementary text for schools. Botany. 146 PAETICULAK FORMS OF FLOWERS mens? Describe a mallow flower. Orchid flower. Spathaceous flower. Compositous flower. What do you understand by the terms hypo- gynous, perigynous, epigynous? How do flowers become double? What is meant by doubling in compositous flowers? In snowball and hydrangea? Note.—The flowers of grasses are too difiicult for the beginner, but if the pupil wishes to understand them he may begin with wheat or rye. The "head" or spike of wheat is made up of flowers and bracts. The flowers are in little clusters or spiTceJcts (often called " breasts" by farmers). One of the spikelets is shown at h, in Fig. 238. Each spikelet contains from 1-4 flowers or florets. The structure of the flower is similar to that of rye (Fig. 239) and other grasses. The pistil has 2 feathery pro- truded stigmas (wind- pollinated) shown at «, Fig. 239. There are 3 stamens, b, h, i. There are minute scales in the base of the flower (not shown in the cut) which probably represent true floral envelopes. These are lodicuJcs. The larger parts, c, d, are bracts. The larger one, d, is the ^oicerhtg glume, and the smaller, c, is a palet. The entire spikelet is also subtended by two bracts ovglumes; these are the two lowermost parts in h, Fig. 238. The glumes of the spikelet, and flowering glumes -^^,; s^lgui^; % VX and palets of the flowers, constitute the chaff when *.\fp"*'^'fl'^wer- wheat is threshed. ing 238. Spikes and flowers of wheat. a. l)eardless wheat ; d, bearded wheat ; 6, spikelet in hlooni; c, grain: e, single si)ikelet on a ma- ture head. The Ijeards in d are awus on the flowering Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Bailey, L. H. (Liberty Hyde), 1858-1954. New York Macmillan
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