Smithsonian miscellaneous collections . he develop-ment of a median protrusile filament or tentacle from the intra-labial membrane or valve. The common Uranoscope of the Mediterranean was in ancientGreece known as the Agnos, Kalliony-mos and Ouranoskopos (Uranos-copus) ; the first name was homo-noymous with an adjective meaningholy, sacred or chaste; the second(meaning a beautiful or fine name)was perhaps given in an antiphrasticsense to the first; the third (signifyinga looker heavenward) was suggestedby the position and direction of theeyes. The great physician of old,Galen, alluded to it in
Smithsonian miscellaneous collections . he develop-ment of a median protrusile filament or tentacle from the intra-labial membrane or valve. The common Uranoscope of the Mediterranean was in ancientGreece known as the Agnos, Kalliony-mos and Ouranoskopos (Uranos-copus) ; the first name was homo-noymous with an adjective meaningholy, sacred or chaste; the second(meaning a beautiful or fine name)was perhaps given in an antiphrasticsense to the first; the third (signifyinga looker heavenward) was suggestedby the position and direction of theeyes. The great physician of old,Galen, alluded to it in connection witha belief held by some among th^ancients as well as moderns. Thosewho believe that man was made erectso that he could easily look heaven-ward could never have seen the fishcalled Uranoscopus which alwayslooks up to heaven in spite of these names, however, long ago fell out of use and the namenow current in Greece is Lichnos (Lichnus) or Luchnos (Lychnus).The dominant of the manv names in use west of Greece are. Fig. 17. — European by .Starks. 406 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [vOL. 48 lucerna in Italy, rat in France, and rata in Spain. There isno English vernacular name for the reason that the species doesnot occur in English waters; stargazer is a book-name and trans-lation of the scientific one. The common Uranoscope is best known as a Mediterranean fishand in suitable stations in that sea it is found through its entireextent, in some places very common, in others moderately so, andin others still it is rare. The only considerable data respecting itshabits have been published by R. Schmidtlein (1879) and L. Fac-ciola (1883). Free translations are herewith presented of articlesby both authors.^ According to Schmidtlein, the stargazer spends the greater partof its life in the mud. It is such a poor swimmer that it sinksto the bottom like a stone, as soon as it suspends the tail and finmovement. The quiet floating practiced
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